Control of wager-based game using gesture recognition

ABSTRACT

Various techniques are described for controlling a wager-based game played at a gaming system. In one embodiment the gaming system may include a gesture input interface device operable to detect movements gestures associated with one or more persons, and a gesture interpretation component operable to identify selected movements or gestures detected by the gesture input interface device. In at least one embodiment, the gesture interpretation component may also be operable to generate gesture interpretation information relating to interpretation of the selected movements or gestures. In at least one embodiment, the gaming system may be operable to automatically detect a gesture by a player participating in a game session at the gaming system; interpret the gesture with respect to a set of criteria; generate gesture interpretation information relating to the interpretation of the gesture; and advance a state of the game session using at least a portion of the gesture interpretation information. In at least one embodiment, the system may include a handheld device which is operable to perform one or more of the functions relating to gesture recognition and/or interpretation.

RELATED APPLICATION DATA

This application is also a continuation-in-part application of priorU.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/515,183, (Attorney Docket No.IGT1P266B/P-1085B), by Nguyen et al., entitled “INTELLIGENT WIRELESSMOBILE DEVICE FOR USE WITH CASINO GAMING TABLE SYSTEMS”, filed on Sep.1, 2006, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference forall purposes, and from which priority is claimed pursuant to theprovisions of 35 U.S.C. 120.

This application is also a continuation-in-part application of priorU.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/871,068, (Attorney Docket No.IGT1P090/P-795), by Parrott, et al., entitled “GAMING MACHINE USERINTERFACE”, filed Jun. 18, 2004, the entirety of which is incorporatedherein by reference for all purposes, and from which priority is claimedpursuant to the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 120.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to gaming systems, and, moreparticularly, to gaming systems which include handheld devices havingmotion detection capabilities.

Casino gaming and other types of gambling activities are enjoyedworldwide. Gaming activities are typically conducted in fixed locations,such as, for example, in a hotel, casino or other facility. Casinos maybe subject to state and local laws relating to gambling in thatjurisdiction. Frequently, these laws have certain reporting requirementsto provide revenue and/or winnings information and to ensure certainbetting odds.

Recently, portable remote gaming devices have been proposed for playingvarious types of casino games such as poker, slots and keno. In somecasino gaming environments, it has been proposed to allow mobile gameplay via the use of portable computing devices, such as, for example,cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), etc.

More generally, it is recognized that the existence and use of portableelectronic devices within casino environments has dramatically increasedover the past decade.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Various aspects are directed to different methods, systems, and computerprogram products for controlling a wager-based game played at a gamingsystem. In one embodiment the gaming system may include a gesture inputinterface device operable to detect movements gestures associated withone or more persons, and a gesture interpretation component operable toidentify selected movements or gestures detected by the gesture inputinterface device. In at least one embodiment, the gesture interpretationcomponent may also be operable to generate gesture interpretationinformation relating to interpretation of the selected movements orgestures. In at least one embodiment, the gaming system may be operableto automatically detect a gesture by a player participating in a gamesession at the gaming system; interpret the gesture with respect to aset of criteria; generate gesture interpretation information relating tothe interpretation of the gesture; and advance a state of the gamesession using at least a portion of the gesture interpretationinformation. In at least one embodiment, the system may include ahandheld device which is operable to perform one or more of thefunctions relating to gesture recognition and/or interpretation. In atleast one embodiment, information relating to the gesture and/orinformation relating to the gesture interpretation may be recorded aspart of the game history associated with the game session.

Additional objects, features and advantages of the various aspects ofthe present invention will become apparent from the followingdescription of its preferred embodiments, which description should betaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A illustrates a handheld device with motion interface capability,in accordance with a particular embodiment.

FIG. 1B illustrates a portion of a handheld device with motion interfacecapability, in accordance with an alternate embodiment.

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate different embodiments of various motiondetection components which may be used for implementing various aspectsand/or features described herein.

FIG. 3 shows a simplified block diagram of various components which maybe used for implementing a handheld device in accordance with analternate embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a simplified block diagram of an alternate example mobiledevice or handheld device 400 in accordance with another embodiment.

FIG. 5 shows an example of a data flow diagram in accordance with aspecific embodiment.

FIG. 6 shows a flow diagram of a Motion Selection Procedure 600 inaccordance with a specific embodiment.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram of a Zero Point Setting Procedure 700in accordance with a specific embodiment.

FIG. 8 shows a flow diagram of a Motion Input-Feedback Procedure 800 inaccordance with a specific embodiment.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of network portion 900, which may be usedfor illustrating various aspects and/or features described herein.

FIG. 10 shows a flow diagram of a specific example embodiment 1000illustrating an environmental modeling process.

FIG. 11 shows a flow diagram of a specific example embodiment 1100illustrating utilization of a preexisting symbol gesture as motioninput.

FIG. 12 shows an example embodiment of a flow diagram 1200 illustratinga gesture assignment process for user-created gestures.

FIG. 13 shows an example embodiment of a flow diagram 1300 illustratinga gesture recognition process.

FIG. 14 shows an example interaction diagram illustrating variousinteractions which may occur between a gaming system and a player'shandheld device in accordance with a specific embodiment.

FIG. 15 shows a block diagram illustrating components of a gaming system1500 which may be used for implementing various aspects of exampleembodiments.

FIG. 16, shown is a diagrammatic representation of an exemplary sensorcurtain 1600 which may be used as a non-contact interface for handmotion recognition according to one embodiment.

FIGS. 17A and 17B illustrate different example embodiments of receiversystems which may be utilized in one or more gaming systems describedherein.

FIG. 18 is a simplified block diagram of an exemplary gaming system 1800in accordance with a specific embodiment.

FIG. 19 shows a flow diagram of a Gesture Interpretation TuningProcedure in accordance with a specific embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

The present invention will now be described in detail with reference toa few preferred embodiments thereof as illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. In the following description, numerous specific details areset forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the presentinvention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, thatthe present invention may be practiced without some or all of thesespecific details. In other instances, well known process steps and/orstructures have not been described in detail in order to not obscure thepresent invention.

One or more different inventions may be described in the presentapplication. Further, for one or more of the invention(s) describedherein, numerous embodiments may be described in this patentapplication, and are presented for illustrative purposes only. Thedescribed embodiments are not intended to be limiting in any sense. Oneor more of the invention(s) may be widely applicable to numerousembodiments, as is readily apparent from the disclosure. Theseembodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilledin the art to practice one or more of the invention(s), and it is to beunderstood that other embodiments may be utilized and that structural,logical, software, electrical and other changes may be made withoutdeparting from the scope of the one or more of the invention(s).Accordingly, those skilled in the art will recognize that the one ormore of the invention(s) may be practiced with various modifications andalterations. Particular features of one or more of the invention(s) maybe described with reference to one or more particular embodiments orfigures that form a part of the present disclosure, and in which areshown, by way of illustration, specific embodiments of one or more ofthe invention(s). It should be understood, however, that such featuresare not limited to usage in the one or more particular embodiments orfigures with reference to which they are described. The presentdisclosure is neither a literal description of all embodiments of one ormore of the invention(s) nor a listing of features of one or more of theinvention(s) that must be present in all embodiments.

Headings of sections provided in this patent application and the titleof this patent application are for convenience only, and are not to betaken as limiting the disclosure in any way.

Devices that are in communication with each other need not be incontinuous communication with each other, unless expressly specifiedotherwise. In addition, devices that are in communication with eachother may communicate directly or indirectly through one or moreintermediaries.

A description of an embodiment with several components in communicationwith each other does not imply that all such components are required. Tothe contrary, a variety of optional components are described toillustrate the wide variety of possible embodiments of one or more ofthe invention(s).

Further, although process steps, method steps, algorithms or the likemay be described in a sequential order, such processes, methods andalgorithms may be configured to work in alternate orders. In otherwords, any sequence or order of steps that may be described in thispatent application does not, in and of itself, indicate a requirementthat the steps be performed in that order. The steps of describedprocesses may be performed in any order practical. Further, some stepsmay be performed simultaneously despite being described or implied asoccurring non-simultaneously (e.g., because one step is described afterthe other step). Moreover, the illustration of a process by itsdepiction in a drawing does not imply that the illustrated process isexclusive of other variations and modifications thereto, does not implythat the illustrated process or any of its steps are necessary to one ormore of the invention(s), and does not imply that the illustratedprocess is preferred.

When a single device or article is described, it will be readilyapparent that more than one device/article (whether or not theycooperate) may be used in place of a single device/article. Similarly,where more than one device or article is described (whether or not theycooperate), it will be readily apparent that a single device/article maybe used in place of the more than one device or article.

The functionality and/or the features of a device may be alternativelyembodied by one or more other devices that are not explicitly describedas having such functionality/features. Thus, other embodiments of one ormore of the invention(s) need not include the device itself.

FIG. 1A illustrates a handheld device 110 with motion interfacecapability, in accordance with a particular embodiment. In oneembodiment, handheld device 110 may be operable to recognize movement ofthe device and to implement various functions and/or operations inresponse to such movement. In this way, movement of the device operatesas a form of input for the device. Such movement input may directlyalter what is being displayed on a device display and/or may triggerinitiation of various operations/functions.

According to specific embodiments, handheld device 110 may be configuredor designed to include functionality relating to various different typesof mobile or handheld devices, which, for example, may include, but arenot limited to, one or more of the following (or combination thereof): amobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a still camera, avideo camera, a pocket calculator, a portable music or video player, adigital thermometer, a game device, a portable electronic device, awatch, an electronic player tracking card, and/or any other devicecapable of being held or worn by a user. As indicated in the exampleslisted above, handheld device 110 may include wearable portable devicessuch as watches, bracelets, rings, etc. According to one embodiment, atleast some of the wearable portable devices include computing devicesworn around a user's wrist, hand, forearm, etc.

In at least one embodiment, handheld device 110 may include inputcomponent(s) 114, processor 116, memory 118, communication interface(s)120, one or more motion detection components 122. Further, in at leastsome embodiments, handheld device 110 may optionally include a display1112. In one embodiment, display 112 may be operable to present visualoutput of the device and may comprise a liquid crystal display (LCD), alight emitting diode (LED) and/or any other type of display forcommunicating output to a user.

In one embodiment, input 114 provides an interface for a user tocommunicate input to the device. Input 114 may comprise a keyboard,keypad, track wheel, knob, touchpad, touchscreen, stencil or any othercomponent through which a user may communicate an input to device 110.In particular embodiments, display 112 and input 114 may be combinedinto the same component, such as a touchscreen.

Processor 116 may include a microprocessor, controller and/or any othersuitable computing device or resource. In one embodiment, processor 116may be adapted to execute various types of computer instructions invarious computer languages for implementing functions available withinsystem handheld device 110. Processor 116 may include any suitablecontrollers for controlling the management and operation of handhelddevice 110.

Memory 118 may be any form of volatile or nonvolatile memory including,without limitation, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory(RAM), read only memory (ROM), removable media or any other suitablelocal or remote memory component. According to specific embodiments,memory 118 may include various components, logic modules, and/or orsoftware executable by processor 1116. In some embodiments, memory 118may include various applications 119 with user interfaces utilizingmotion input, such as, for example, gesture interpretation, menuscrolling, mapping, calendar and file management applications, etc. Inat least some embodiments, memory 118 may also include variousdatabases, such as, for example, gesture databases, function or gesturemapping databases, etc. According to specific embodiments, components ofmemory 118 may be combined and/or divided for processing according toparticular needs or desires.

According to specific embodiments, communication interface(s) 120 may beoperable to support wireless and/or wired communication of data andinformation with other devices, such as, for example, other handhelddevices, deeming machines, game tables, basic stations, remote servers,etc.

In at least one embodiment, motion detection component(s) 122 may beoperable to track movement of the handheld device 110 which may be usedas a form of input to perform specific functions/operations. Such inputmovement may result from a user moving the device in a desired fashionto perform desired tasks, as further discussed below.

In other embodiments, handheld device 110 may include any suitableprocessing and/or memory modules for performing at least some of thevarious functions and/or operations as described herein. Examples ofsuch modules may include, but are not limited to, one or more of thefollowing (or combination thereof): a control module, a motion trackingmodule, a video analysis module, a motion response module, a displaycontrol module, a signature detection module, etc.

In particular embodiments, input movement may be in the form oftranslations and/or gestures. According to one embodiment,translation-based input may be based, at least in part, oncharacteristics relating to a beginning point and endpoint of a motion,and differences between such beginning points and endpoints. In at leastone embodiment, gesture-based input may be based, at least in part, oncharacteristics relating to a actual path(s) traveled by the device,which, for example, may be represented as a holistic view of a set ofpoints traversed.

As an example, when navigating a map using translation-based input,motion in the form of an “O” may change the display during the movementbut may ultimately yield no change between the information displayedprior to the movement and the information displayed at the end of themovement assuming, for example, that the ending position of the deviceis the same as the starting position of the device.

However, according to one embodiment, in a gesture input mode, thedevice may be operable to recognize that it has traveled in the path ofan “O”, for example, by tracking the path it has traveled during themotion or movement between a beginning point and an endpoint of thegesture, even though the beginning and endpoints may be the same.According to a specific embodiment, this gesture “O” movement may bemapped to particular functions such that when the device recognizes ithas traveled along a path to constitute an “O” gesture, it may performthe functions, as further elaborated upon below. In particularembodiments, movement of the device intended as a gesture may berecognized as by the device as a gesture by matching a series, sequenceor pattern of accelerations of the movement to those defining gesturesof a gesture database.

In other embodiments, at least some handheld device may not include someof the components of the handheld device illustrated in FIG. 1A. Forexample, in at least one other embodiment, a handheld device may notinclude input component(s) 114 which are distinct from the motiondetection component(s). In at least one embodiment, the motion of thehandheld device may provides the sole or primary input mechanism for thedevice. It should be noted that handheld devices in accordance withother embodiments may include additional components not specificallyillustrated with respect to device 110.

FIG. 1B illustrates a portion of a handheld device with motion interfacecapability, in accordance with an alternate embodiment. As illustratedin the example of FIG. 1B, handheld device components 150 may includeone or more motion detection component(s) 162 operable to provide motiondetection information to analog-digital converter/multiplexer 166. In atleast one embodiment, the handheld device may also have a unique,statically or dynamically assigned device identifier 164 (e.g., MACaddress, network address, serial number, etc.). In one embodiment, thehandheld device may be operable to provide its device identifierinformation to analog-digital converter/multiplexer 166. In at least oneembodiment, analog-digital converter/multiplexer 166 may be operable togenerate multiplexed information from its various input sources fortransmission (e.g., via wireless transmitter 170 and antenna 172) to oneor more gaming systems, and/or remote devices.

According to specific embodiments, the handheld device may be operableto transmit wireless data using a variety of different wirelesscommunication protocols and/or modulation schemes. For example, in someembodiments, wireless transmitter 170 may be operable to transmitwireless information via one or more of the following types of protocolsand/or modulation schemes (and/or combinations thereof): CDMA, TDMA,FDMA, frequency modulation, amplitude modulation, baseband modulation,etc. For example, in some embodiments, each handheld device may beassigned a different frequency to be used for communicating with aparticular gaming system to thereby allow multiple handheld devices tocommunicate with the gaming system at the same time. In otherembodiments, a plurality of handheld devices may use the same frequencyfor communicating with a particular gaming system, but may each beassigned different timeslots for transmitting its information to thegaming system. In this way wireless message collisions may be avoided.

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate different embodiments of various motiondetection components which may be used for implementing various aspectsand/or features described herein.

For example, as shown in the example of FIG. 2A, motion detection device224 may include a plurality of accelerometers (e.g., 224 a, 224 b and224 c). In one embodiment, accelerometers 224 a, 224 b and 224 c may beoperable to detect movement of the handheld device by detectingacceleration along one or more respective sensing axes. For example, inone embodiment, a particular movement of the handheld device maycomprise a series, sequence and/or pattern of accelerations detected bythe accelerometers. In one embodiment, when the handheld device istilted along a sensing axis of a particular accelerometer, thegravitational acceleration along the sensing axis may dynamicallychange. This change in gravitational acceleration may be detected by theaccelerometer and reflects the tilt of the device. Similarly,translation of the handheld device, or movement of the device withoutrotation or tilt may also produce changes in acceleration along one ormore sensing axes, which may be detected by one or more of theaccelerometers.

In the example embodiment of FIG. 2A, motion detector device 224comprises: an x-axis accelerometer 224 a operable to detect movement ofthe device along an x-axis; a y-axis accelerometer 224 b operable todetect movement of the device along a y-axis, and a z-axis accelerometer224 c operable to detect movement of the device along a z-axis. Incombination, accelerometers 224 a, 224 b and 224 c are able to detectrotation and/or translation of a handheld device such as handheld device110. As indicated above, rotation and/or translation of device 110 mayserve as an input from a user to operate the device.

The use of three accelerometers for motion detection provides certainadvantages. For example, if only two accelerometers were used, themotion detector may not be able to disambiguate translation of thehandheld device from tilt in the plane of translation. However, using athird, z-axis accelerometer (an accelerometer with a sensing axis atleast approximately perpendicular to the sensing axes of the other twoaccelerometers) enables many cases of tilt to be disambiguated from manycases of translation.

FIG. 2B shows an alternate embodiment of various motion detectioncomponents which may be used for implementing various aspects and/orfeatures described herein. For example, as shown in the example of FIG.2B, motion detection device 250 may include, for example, accelerometercomponent(s) 254, gyro component(s) 258, camera component(s) 256,rangefinder component(s) 260, etc.

According to one embodiment, camera component(s) 256 may include aplurality of cameras which may comprise charge coupled device (CCD)cameras or other optical sensors. In one embodiment, the cameras mayprovide another way to detect movement of the handheld device (both tiltand translation). Additionally, by using at least two cameras, tilt andtranslation may be distinguished from each other.

In at least one embodiment, when the handheld device is rotated, themagnitude of the movement of the external world to the cameras may bedirectly related to the magnitude of the rotation of the device. Thus,for example, in one embodiment, the amount of the rotation canaccurately be determined based on such movement of the external worldfrom the perspective of the cameras.

However, in at least one embodiment, when the device is translated, themagnitude of the translation may be related to both the magnitude of themovement of the external world to the cameras and to the distance to theobjects in the field of view of the cameras. Accordingly, in at leastsome embodiments, in order to accurately determine the amount oftranslation using cameras alone, it may be desirable to obtain some formof information concerning the distance to objects in the camera fieldsof view. In at least some embodiments, one or more rangefindercomponent(s) 260 may be used for this purpose (and/or for other desiredpurposes).

It will be appreciated that, even without such distance information, theoptical information provided by the cameras may be of significant value,for example, when correlated against the information from accelerometersand/or other sensors. For example, optical camera input may be used toinform the handheld device that no significant motion is taking place.This could provide a solution to problems of drift which may be inherentin using acceleration data to determine absolute position informationfor certain device functions.

As discussed above, distance information may be useful to determineamount of translation when cameras are being used to detect movement. Inthe example of FIG. 2B, such distance information may be provided viaone or more rangefinder components 260. According to specificembodiments, rangefinder component(s) 260 may comprise, for example,ultrasound rangefinders, laser rangefinders and/or any other suitabledistance measuring components. Other components may also be used todetermine distance information. For example, cameras with rangefindingcapabilities may be used. In one embodiment, multiple cameras may beutilized on the same side of the handheld device to function as arange-finder using stereopsis. In at least one embodiment, determineddistance information may allow for improved accuracy and/or explicitcomputation of detected translation and/or rotation.

As shown in the example of FIG. 2B, motion detection device 250 mayadditionally include one or more gyro component(s) 258. In at least oneembodiment, gyro component(s) 258 may be used in combination with theother components of motion detection device 250 to provide increasedaccuracy in detecting movement of the handheld device.

In at least one embodiment, the motion detection device may include oneor more processors (e.g., 262), which, for example, may be operable toprocesses data from the various motion detection components (e.g.,accelerometers, cameras, gyros, rangefinders, etc.) to produce an outputindicative of the motion of the handheld device. Processor 232 maycomprise a microprocessor, controller or any other suitable computingdevice or resource, such as a video analysis module for receiving avideo stream from each camera. In some embodiments, the processingdescribed herein with respect to processor 232 of motion detectiondevice 250 may be performed by processor 16 of handheld device 10 or anyother suitable processor, including processors located remote to thehandheld device.

It will be appreciated that, in other embodiments, one or more motiondetection devices may include additional, fewer, or different componentsthan those illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B. For example, some embodimentsmay include a motion detector device with two or three accelerometersand one or more gyros; two or three accelerometers and one or morecameras; or two or three accelerometers and one or more rangefinders,etc. In addition, the location of the motion detection components on thehandheld device may vary for different embodiments. For example, someembodiments may include cameras on different surfaces of a device, whileother embodiments may include two cameras on the same surface.

Altering the type, number and location of components of motion detectiondevice 250 may affect the ability of motion detector to detect oraccurately measure various types of movement. As indicated above, thetype and number of components of motion detectors may vary in differentembodiments in order to fulfill particular needs. Fewer or less accuratecomponents may be used in particular embodiments when it is desired tosacrifice accuracy to reduce manufacturing cost of a handheld devicewith motion detection capabilities. For example, some handheld devicesmay only need to detect that the handheld device has been translated andmay not need to detect exact amount of such translation to performdesired functions of the handheld device. Such handheld devices may thusinclude a motion detector with accelerometer and/or camera componentsbut without rangefinder or other component providing distanceinformation. In particular embodiments, components described above, suchas cameras and rangefinders, may also be used for other purposes by thehandheld device than those described above relating to motion detectionfunctionality.

FIG. 3 shows a simplified block diagram of various components which maybe used for implementing a handheld device in accordance with analternate embodiment. As illustrated in the example of FIG. 3, handhelddevice 300 may include a variety of components, modules and/or systemsfor providing functionality relating to one or more aspects describedherein. Other handheld device embodiments (not shown) may includedifferent or other components than those illustrated in FIG. 3. Forexample, handheld device 300 may include, but not limited to, one ormore of the following (or combination thereof):

-   -   At least one processor or CPU (306). In at least one        implementation, the processor(s) 306 may be operable to        implement features and/or functionality similar to other        processors described herein.    -   Memory 316, which, for example, may include volatile memory        (e.g., RAM), non-volatile memory (e.g., disk memory, FLASH        memory, EPROMs, etc.), unalterable memory, and/or other types of        memory. In at least one implementation, the memory 316 may be        operable to implement features and/or functionality similar to        other memory described herein.    -   Interface(s) 318 which, for example, may include wired        interfaces and/or wireless interfaces. In at least one        implementation, the interface(s) 318 may be operable to        implement features and/or functionality similar to other        interfaces described herein. For example, in at least one        implementation, the wireless communication interface(s) may be        configured or designed to communicate with components of        electronic game tables, electronic gaming machine, remote        servers, electronic gaming machines, other wireless devices        (e.g., PDAs, other handheld devices, cell phones, player        tracking transponders, etc.), base stations, etc. Such wireless        communication may be implemented using one or more wireless        interfaces/protocols such as, for example, 802.11 (WiFi), 802.15        (including Bluetooth™), 802.16 (WiMax), 802.22, Cellular        standards such as CDMA, CDMA2000, WCDMA, Radio Frequency (e.g.,        RFID), Infrared, Near Field Magnetics, etc.    -   At least one power source 304. In at least one implementation,        the power source may include at least one mobile power source        for allowing the handheld device to operate in a mobile        environment. For example, in one implementation, the battery 304        may be implemented using a rechargeable, thin-film type battery.        Further, in embodiments where it is desirable for the handheld        device to be flexible, the battery 304 may be designed to be        flexible.    -   One or more display(s) 308 (if desired). According to various        embodiments, such display(s) may be implemented using, for        example, LCD display technology, OLED display technology, and/or        other types of conventional display technology. In at least one        implementation, display(s) 308 may be adapted to be flexible or        bendable. Additionally, in at least one embodiment the        information displayed on display(s) 308 may utilize e-ink        technology (such as that available from E Ink Corporation,        Cambridge, Mass., www.eink.com), or other suitable technology        for reducing the power consumption of information displayed on        the display(s) 308. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to        not include a display at the handheld device.    -   One or more user I/O Device(s) such as, for example, motion        detection/gesture interpretation input interfaces, touch        keys/buttons 312, scroll wheels, cursors, touchscreen sensors        310, etc.    -   One or more status indicators 302. For example, in one        implementation, one or more colored status indicators (such as,        for example, LEDs) may be included on one or more sides of a        handheld device, and adapted to provide various information such        as, for example: communication status; game play status; bonus        status, handheld device health status; handheld device operating        mode; battery power status; battery charging status; status of        cards being dealt; input or gesture detection status; error        detection status; team status; out of range status; etc.    -   At least one motion detection component 314 for detecting motion        or movement of the handheld device and/or for detecting motion,        movement, gestures and/or other input data from user.

In one embodiment, the motion detection component 314 may be operable todetect gross motion of a user (e.g., player, dealer, etc.).Additionally, in at least one embodiment, the motion detection component314 may further be operable to perform one or more additional functionssuch as, for example: analyze the detected gross motion or gestures of aparticipant; interpret the participant's motion or gestures (e.g., inthe context of a casino game being played) in order to identifyinstructions or input from the participant; utilize the interpretedinstructions/input to advance the game state; etc. In other embodiments,at least a portion of these additional functions may be implemented at aremote system or device.

For example, during play of a game of blackjack at a conventional gametable, a player may signal “hit me” to the dealer by the player flickingor moving his cards in a sweeping motion towards the player. In at leastone embodiment where the player is performing the “hit me” gesture usinga handheld device (e.g., instead of or in addition to using conventionalplaying cards), the handheld device may be adapted to automaticallydetect the player's gesture (e.g., gross motion) by sensing motion ormovement (e.g., rotation, displacement, velocity, acceleration, etc.)using, for example, one or more motion detection sensors. In oneembodiment, the handheld device may also be adapted to analyze thedetected motion data in order to interpret the gesture (or other inputdata) intended by the player. Once interpreted, the handheld device maythen transmit the interpreted player input data (e.g., “hit me”) to thegame table for advancement of the game state. Alternatively, thehandheld device may be adapted to transmit information relating to thedetected motion data to the game table, and the game table adapted toanalyze the detected motion data in order to interpret the gesture (orother input data) intended by the player.

According to different embodiments, other criteria may also be used whenanalyzing the detected motion data for proper interpretation of theplayer's gestures and/or other input instructions. For example, theinterpretation of the detected motion data may be constrained based onone or more of the following criteria (or combination thereof): type ofgame being played (e.g., craps, blackjack, poker, slots, etc.), locationof the player/handheld device; current handheld device operating mode(e.g., table game operating mode, gaming machine operating mode, bonusgame operating mode, restaurant operating mode, theater operating mode,lounge operating mode, hotel operating mode, parking service operatingmode, room service operating mode, news magazine operating mode, etc.);game rules; time; player ID; player preferences; previous motioninterpretation/analysis; and/or other criteria described herein.

In at least one embodiment, the motion detection component 314 mayinclude one or more motion detection sensors such as, for example, MEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical System) accelerometers, that can detect theacceleration and/or other movements of the handheld device as it ismoved by a user. Examples of suitable MEMS accelerometers may include,but are not limited to, one or more of the following (or combinationthereof): Si-Flex™ SF1500L Low-Noise Analog 3g Accelerometer (availablefrom Colibrys, Inc., Stafford, Tex.); MXC6202 Dual Axis Accelerometer(available from MEMSIC, Inc. 800, North Andover, Mass.); ADXL330 iMEMSAccelerometer (available from Analog Devices, Norwood, Mass.); etc.

In at least some embodiments, other types of motion detection componentsmay be used such as, for example, inertial sensors, MEMS gyros, and/orother motion detection components described herein. For example, MEMSaccelerometers may be particularly suited for applications involvingrelatively large degrees of vibration, impact, and/or fast motion. MEMSgyros are great for may be particularly suited for applicationsinvolving orientation sensing and/or slow movements.

In at least one embodiment, motion detection component 314 may includeat least one “Spring Board Accelerometer”. One embodiment of the SpringBoard Accelerometer may be implemented in a manner similar to that of adiving board, in that it may be attached at one end and may be allowedto bend (under the influence of gravity). If desired, a specified amountof mass may be added to the free end.

In at least one embodiment, the free end of the “spring board” may beimplemented as movable plate of a capacitor with the other plate of thecapacitor being fixed (e.g., to a frame or body). Such a Spring BoardAccelerometer embodiment may be used to measure the influence ofgravity. For example, according to one embodiment, as gravity bends theboard, the distance between the plates of the capacitor decreases (e.g.,the plates get closer to each other), and the capacitance increases[e.g., Capacitance=(k*Area of plates)/distance between plates]. Forexample, if the accelerometer is stationary (e.g., lying on a table withthe spring board parallel with the table top) then the output of thatboard may be +1 g and a first output signal (e.g., DC voltage signal)may be output from the device (e.g., using electronics operable tomeasure the capacitance of the plates, and/or to generate the DC outputsignal(s)). If the spring board is subsequently turned over, the outputof that board will be at −1 g, and the DC voltage output signal willalso change polarity. As the board is rotated about an axis parallel tothe board, the output may dynamically change from +1 g to −1 g, with 0 gbeing the point where the board is perpendicular to the force ofgravity.

In one embodiment, a graph of this function may be expressed as a cosinefunction from 0 to pi.

According to specific embodiments, spring board accelerometers may besuitable for use as sensors of vibration. For example, in one embodimentthe spring board accelerometer(s) may be optimized to detect vibrationfrequencies of less than 400 Hz for use in gesture interpretationanalysis. In one embodiment, it may be preferable that the frequency ofdetected vibration(s) (e.g., for use in gesture interpretation analysis)is below the resonance frequency of the spring board. For example, in atleast one embodiment, the length of the spring board and the mass of thespring board may be configured or designed such that the frequency ofresonance of the board is greater than 400 Hz.

Spring board accelerometers may also be suitable for use as sensors ofimpacts since, for example, such devices may be configured or designedto detect and withstand relatively fast accelerations (e.g., resultingfrom free fall conditions) in one or more planes. For example, fastacceleration in one plane may result in the board bending until itslimits are encountered. Such devices may be suitable for use as sensorsfor measuring tilt of an object. For example, in one embodiment, aspring board accelerometer may be configured or designed to provide anoutput DC voltage that is proportional to the angle of tilt,acceleration, rotation of an object such as, for example, a portablegaming device or a player's hand or arm.

In at least one embodiment, the handheld device may be further adaptedto transmit motion information (and other related information) to agaming machine, game table and/or other devices. In one implementation,the motion information may include data such as, for example: a handhelddevice ID for use in identifying the handheld device which transmittedinformation; user ID information for use in identifying the user holdingthe handheld device, movement data relating to the X, Y, and/or Z axes,etc. According to one implementation, analog acceleration data outputfrom the accelerometers may be digitized and fed into a multiplexer andtransmitted to a remote device or system such as, for example, a gamingmachine, a game table, a remote server, etc.

According to various embodiments, game tables, gaming machines, and/orother devices which are operable to receive communication from thehandheld device may include at least one receiver for receivinginformation relating to the detected motion data and/or interpretedplayer input data. In one embodiment, the receiver may be implemented asa multi-channel multi-frequency receiver adapted to receive signals froma plurality of different handheld devices.

In at least one embodiment, the handheld device 300 may be operable toautomatically and dynamically select an appropriate mode of operationbased on various parameters and/or upon detection of specific events orconditions such as, for example: the handheld device's current location;identity of current user; user input; system override (e.g., emergencycondition detected); proximity to other handheld devices belonging tosame group or association; proximity to specific objects, regions,zones, etc. Additionally, the handheld device may be operable toautomatically update or change its current operating mode to theselected mode of operation. The handheld device may also be adapted toautomatically modify accessibility of user-accessible features and/orinformation in response to the updating of its current mode ofoperation.

According to specific embodiments, associations may be made betweenhandheld devices and players (and/or player positions at a game table)such that each active handheld device is associated with a unique playeror user during a given time period.

According to specific embodiments, the handheld device may also beadapted to perform other functions such as, for example, one or more ofthe following (or combination thereof):

-   -   allowing a player conduct game play activities;    -   allowing a player to input game play instructions;    -   allowing a player to perform wagering activities (e.g.,        increasing bets, checking bets, performing side        wagering/backbetting activities, etc.);    -   retrieving and/or displaying player tracking data;    -   retrieving and/or displaying player account data;    -   displaying game play assistance information;    -   displaying casino layout information;    -   displaying promotional information;    -   notify a player of messages;    -   displaying multimedia information from external sources;    -   displaying player's current location;    -   etc.

For example, in one implementation, a handheld device may be adapted tocommunicate with a remote server to access player account data, forexample, to know how much funds are available to the player forbetting/wagering.

In at least one implementation, the handheld device may also includeother functionality such as that provided by PDAs, cell phones, and/orother mobile computing devices. Further, in at least one implementation,the handheld device may be adapted to automatically and/or dynamicallychange its functionality depending on various conditions such as, forexample: type of game being played; user input; current location orposition; detection of local electronic gaming tables/devices; etc.

In at least one embodiment, a handheld device may be implemented usingconventional mobile electronic devices (e.g., PDAs, cell phones, etc.)which have been specifically adapted to implement at least a portion ofthe handheld device functionalities described herein.

FIG. 4 is a simplified block diagram of an alternate example mobiledevice or handheld device 400 in accordance with another embodiment. Asillustrated in the example of FIG. 4, handheld device 400 may include avariety of components, modules and/or systems for providingfunctionality relating to one or more aspects described herein. Forexample, as illustrated in FIG. 4, handheld device 400 may include oneor more of the following:

-   -   At least one processor 410.    -   Memory 416, which, for example, may include volatile memory        (e.g., RAM), non-volatile memory (e.g., disk memory, FLASH        memory, EPROMs, etc.), unalterable memory, and/or other types of        memory. Interface(s) 406 which, for example, may include wired        interfaces and/or wireless interfaces.    -   Device driver(s) 442. In at least one implementation, the device        driver(s) 442 may be operable to implement features and/or        functionality similar to other device driver(s) described        herein.    -   At least one power source 443. In at least one implementation,        the power source may include at least one mobile power source        for allowing the handheld device to operate in a mobile        environment.    -   Authentication/validation components 444 which, for example, may        be used for authenticating and/or validating local hardware        and/or software components and/or hardware/software components        residing at the handheld device. In at least one implementation,        the authentication/validation component(s) 443 may be operable        to implement features and/or functionality similar to other        authentication/validation components described herein.    -   Geolocation module 446 which, for example, may be configured or        designed to acquire geolocation information from remote sources        and use the acquired geolocation information to determine        information relating to a relative and/or absolute position of        the handheld device. For example, in one implementation, the        geolocation module 446 may be adapted to receive GPS signal        information for use in determining the position or location of        the handheld device. In another implementation, the geolocation        module 446 may be adapted to receive multiple wireless signals        from multiple remote devices (e.g., gaming machines, servers,        wireless access points, etc.) and use the signal information to        compute position/location information relating to the position        or location of the handheld device.    -   Wireless communication module(s) 445. In one implementation, the        wireless communication module 445 may be configured or designed        to communicate with external devices using one or more wireless        interfaces/protocols such as, for example, 802.11 (WiFi), 802.15        (including Bluetooth™), 802.16 (WiMax), 802.22, Cellular        standards such as CDMA, CDMA2000, WCDMA, Radio Frequency (e.g.,        RFID), Infrared, Near Field Magnetics, etc.    -   User Identification module 447. In one implementation, the User        Identification module may be adapted to determine the identity        of the current user or owner of the handheld device. For        example, in one embodiment, the current user may be required to        perform a log in process at the handheld device in order to        access one or more features. Alternatively, the handheld device        may be adapted to automatically determine the identity of the        current user based upon one or more external signals such as,        for example, an RFID tag or badge worn by the current user which        provides a wireless signal to the handheld device for        determining the identity of the current user. In at least one        implementation, various security features may be incorporated        into the handheld device to prevent unauthorized users from        accessing confidential or sensitive information.    -   Information filtering module(s) 449.    -   One or more display(s) 435.    -   One or more user I/O Device(s) 430 such as, for example, keys,        buttons, scroll wheels, cursors, touchscreen interfaces, motion        detection/gesture interpretation interfaces, audio command        interfaces, etc.    -   Audio system 439 which, for example, may include speakers,        microphones, wireless transmitter/receiver devices for enabling        wireless audio and/or visual communication between the handheld        device 400 and remote devices (e.g., radios, telephones,        computer systems, etc.). For example, in one implementation, the        audio system may include componentry for enabling the handheld        device to function as a cell phone or two-way radio device.    -   Magnetic strip reader 425, which, for example, may be configured        or designed to read information from magnetic strips such as        those on credit cards, player tracking cards, etc.    -   Optical scanner 427, which, for example, may be configured or        designed to read information such as text, barcodes, etc.    -   Camera 429 which, for example, may be configured or designed to        record still images (e.g., digital snapshots) and/or video        images.    -   Other types of peripheral devices 431 which may be useful to the        users of such handheld devices, such as, for example: PDA        functionality; memory card reader(s); fingerprint or other        biometric reader(s); image projection device(s); ticket        reader(s); etc.

According to a specific embodiment, the handheld device 400 may beadapted to implement at least a portion of the features associated withthe mobile game service system described in U.S. patent application Ser.No. 10/115,164, which is now U.S. Pat. No. 6,800,029, issued Oct. 4,2004, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for allpurposes. For example, in one embodiment, the handheld device 400 may becomprised of a hand-held game service user interface device (GSUID) anda number of input and output devices. The GSUID may include a displayscreen which may display a number of game service interfaces. These gameservice interfaces may be generated on the display screen by amicroprocessor of some type within the GSUID. Examples of a hand-heldGSUID which may accommodate the game service interfaces are manufacturedby Symbol Technologies, Incorporated of Holtsville, N.Y.

In addition to the features described above, the handheld device of thepresent invention may also include additional functionality fordisplaying, in real-time, filtered information to the user based upon avariety of criteria such as, for example, geolocation information,casino data information, player tracking information, game playinformation, wager information, motion detection information, gestureinterpretation information, etc.

As used herein, the term “handheld device” may be used to describe andvariety of different types of electronic devices which may include, butare not limited to, one or more of the following (or combinationthereof): mobile devices, wireless devices, portable devices,contactless devices, etc.

According to specific embodiments, the handheld device may beimplemented a wrist bracelet (e.g., bracelet, wrist watch, etc.) thatcontains electrical circuitry used to sense the movement of the wrist.The wrist bracelet may also be operable to transmit information relatingto detected wrist movement(s) to one or more receiver(s) which, forexample, may be located within a casino game table, gaming machine,kiosk, and/or systems/devices. According to specific embodiments, thewrist bracelet may be operable to transmit information relating todetected wrist movement(s) via one or more wireless communicationinterfaces such as, for example, those utilizing radio frequency waves,light beams, ultrasonic waves, and/or other wireless transmissionmediums.

According to one embodiment, this wrist bracelet may utilize one or moreMEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) accelerometers for sensing ordetecting acceleration of the bracelet (e.g., that is warn by the user).In at least one embodiment, the wrist bracelet may include a pluralityof MEMS accelerometers, a low power transmitter, and a battery, and maybe operable to transmit information relating to detected wristmovement(s) to one or more receivers associated with one or more gametables and/or gaming machines. In one embodiment, the transmittedsignal(s) may include data such as, for example: start header, serialnumber, acceleration in the X, Y, and Z axes, end of message header,and/or other desired information. In one embodiment, the serial numbermay be expressed using alpha-numeric characters, and assigned to theuser of the handheld device. Further, in at least one embodiment, theanalog acceleration data may be digitized and fed into a multiplexer. Inone embodiment, the data out of the multiplexer may be sent to an RFtransmitter operable to transmit this information on ISM bands and/orother frequencies reserved for RFID communications.

According to a specific embodiment, a receiver used for receiving themotion information from the wrist bracelet may be implemented as amulti-channel, multi-frequency receiver, in order to allow the receiverto receive signals from multiple different transmitters at the sametime, for example. In one embodiment, each transmitter may be assigned adedicated frequency and channel to transmit on. In other embodimentsseveral different transmitters may be coordinated to transmit theirrespective data on the same frequency at a different time intervals(e.g., different time slots). Alternatively, communication between thetransmitters and receiver may be accomplished by assigning differentmodulation methods for each transmitter. For example, frequencymodulation on one frequency may not interfere with amplitude modulationon the same frequency. Additionally, on/off keying may not interferewith either of the above modulation types.

According to various embodiments, different handheld devices may includedifferent combinations of features which, for example, may include, butare not limited to, one or more of the following (or combinationthereof):

-   -   Scrolling Menus—This technology may be used for scrolling        through menus. For example, the user (e.g., player) may tilt the        handheld device forward, backwards or to ether side to scroll        through different menus and/or other information, such as, for        example, selecting different games to play (e.g., via the        handheld device).    -   Navigation Through Menus—Menu scrolling/navigation of the        handheld device may be accomplished via tilting motions and/or        other gestures performed by the user. In at least some        embodiments, such a feature may be enabled in combination with        other input from the user (such as, for example, the depressing        of a specific button or key on the handheld device).    -   Volume Control—Volume control of the handheld device may be        accomplished via tilting motions and/or other gestures performed        by the user. For example, as the unit is tilted forward, the        volume may be increased, and as the unit was tilted backwards,        the volume may be decreased. In at least some embodiments, such        a feature may be enabled in combination with other input from        the user (such as, for example, the depressing of a specific        button or key on the handheld device).    -   Speed Of Play—Speed of play of a particular game at the handheld        device may be controlled via tilting motions and/or other        gestures performed by the user. In at least some embodiments,        such a feature may be enabled in combination with other input        from the user (such as, for example, the depressing of a        specific button or key on the handheld device).    -   Change Settings—Wager and/or denomination settings may be        changed via tilting motions and/or other gestures performed by        the user at the handheld device. For example, in one embodiment,        if the unit was tilted left, the wager to be placed may        decrease, and if tilted to the right, the wager to be placed may        increase. In at least some embodiments, such a feature may be        enabled in combination with other input from the user (such as,        for example, the depressing of a specific button or key on the        handheld device).    -   Fast Advancing Using Acceleration—Rapid advancement through one        or more menus/scrolling may be accelerated, for example, by the        user accelerating the handheld device. An the handheld device        may be operable to analyze the amount of acceleration and        advance menu navigation and/or scrolling in a manner which is        proportionate or relative to the acceleration. For example, in        one embodiment, if a large amount of acceleration was detected,        the handheld device may rapidly advance through one or more        menus, and if small amount of acceleration was detected, the        handheld device may slowly advance through one or more menus.    -   Thump As A Button—The accelerometer sensor(s) of the handheld        device may be utilized as a virtual “thump” button. For example,        in one embodiment, if the user thumped on the outside case of        the handheld device (e.g., by hitting the handheld device with        an object, or causing the handheld device to hit or bump into an        object), the thump may be detected by the accelerometer(s) and        used, for example, as an input selection mechanism (e.g., in        order to select an item that is being highlighted on the display        of the handheld device).    -   Menu Overlay—A menu overlay may be used (e.g., in conjunction        with a stationary indicator) such that, as the user tilted the        handheld device in various directions, the displayed menu(s) or        other objects displayed may move under the stationary indicator,        thereby allowing the user to navigate from menu to menu or        around menus that the user did not wish to select.    -   Maze Game Function—In this function (e.g., which may be        initiated during a bonus game session) the player would tilt the        handheld device (e.g., in different directions) to navigate an        object through a maze. An example may be “Bull in a China        Cabinet” game. As the player tilted the handheld device, the        bull would be shown moving through the china cabinet, and        various points/bonuses may be awarded. In one embodiment, play        of the bonus game may be terminate when the bull contacts or        breaks an object in the game. According to different        embodiments, this type of game may be implemented as a game of        skill, a game of chance (e.g., having a random outcome) and/or        some combination thereof.    -   Simulated Game of Skill but Random—The actions of tilting the        handheld device in various directions may be used to facilitate        play of a simulate a game of skill with a random outcome.    -   Fixed Object, Movable Graphics—A fixed ball or other reference        object (e.g., in the center of the handheld device display        screen) may be moved through a movable graphical maze, for        example, by tilting the handheld device in various directions.    -   Fixed Graphics, Movable Objects—A fixed graphical maze may be        used with a movable ball and/or other movable objects by tilting        the handheld device in various directions.    -   Movable Graphics and Movable Ball—Tilting the handheld device        (e.g., in various directions) moves all objects which are        displayed.    -   Spinning of Reels—Spinning of reels (e.g., such as those        displayed at the handheld device, or at a gaming machine or slot        machine) may be accomplished via tilting motions and/or other        gestures performed by the user. In at least some embodiments,        such a feature may be enabled in combination with other input        from the user (such as, for example, the depressing of a        specific button or key on the handheld device). For example,        when the handheld device is tilted backwards, the reels may be        cocked. Tilting the handheld device forward may initiate        spinning of the reels. Tilting the handheld device to either        side may initiate stopping of the reels.    -   Dice Throwing—Dice throwing may be accomplished via tilting        motions and/or other gestures performed by the user. In at least        some embodiments, such a feature may be enabled in combination        with other input from the user (such as, for example, the        depressing of a specific button or key on the handheld device).    -   Spinning Wheel—Spinning of a wheel (e.g., at a gaming machine,        or displayed at the handheld device) may be accomplished via        tilting motions and/or other gestures performed by the user. In        at least some embodiments, such a feature may be enabled in        combination with other input from the user (such as, for        example, the depressing of a specific button or key on the        handheld device).    -   Tilt To Get Another View Of An Object—Tilting the handheld        device in various directions may allow the user to view an        object from different perspectives or reference points, for        example, in order, for example, to see the back of the object,        through the object, around the object, and the like.    -   Game Play—Tilting, rocking and or other gestures at the handheld        device may be used to facilitate play of various games played at        the handheld device such as, for example, a coin pitching game        and/or other games which may be played either at the handheld        device or on remote systems via the handheld device.        Game Play Examples

The following examples are intended for illustrative purposes.

In a first example embodiment, an electronic Black Jack game table maybe provided which may be controlled by a master table controller. Eachplayer at the game table may be provided with a respective LCD display.Using an embodiment of a handheld device as described herein, a humandealer may deal a virtual deck of cards, for example, by performinggross hand motions similar to those performed when dealing an actualdeck of cards. The dealt cards may displayed on the LCDs in front of theplayers. Using their respective handheld devices, the players may inputtheir game play instructions using hand movements and/or other gestures.

In another example embodiment the operation of a spinning reel game maybe facilitated via the use of the handheld device. In embodiments wherethe game is to be played at the handheld device, the selecting of one ofthe spinning reel games may be implemented using forward, backwardand/or sideways tilting actions (and/or other gestures) conducted at thehandheld device. In other embodiments, the handheld device may beregistered or activated for use at a selected remote system (e.g.,gaming machine, game table, etc) where the game play is conducted. Inone embodiment, wagers may also be placed on the outcome of the game,for example, via tilting actions and/or other gestures conducted at thehandheld device. For example, in one embodiment, by rocking the top ofthe handheld device back toward the player, the reels may be cocked. Inone embodiment, the cocking of a reel may include moving the reelbackwards about one half of a stop. Tilting the handheld device forwardmay initiate spinning of the reels. In one embodiment, the reels mayautomatically coast to a stop with the winning reel positions on theselected pay lines and the winner may be paid accordingly.

In another example embodiment, the operation of a dice game may befacilitated via the use of the handheld device. In embodiments where thegame is to be played at the handheld device, the selecting of one of thedice games may be implemented using forward, backward and/or sidewaystilting actions (and/or other gestures) conducted at the handhelddevice. In other embodiments, the handheld device may be registered oractivated for use at a selected remote system (e.g., gaming machine,game table, etc) where the game play is conducted. In one embodiment,wagers may also be placed on the outcome of the game, for example, viatilting actions and/or other gestures conducted at the handheld device.According to one embodiment, a player may simulate the shaking ofvirtual dice by performing a shaking gesture at the handheld device. Theplayer may execute or initiate the dice throw, for example, byperforming a gesture with the handheld device which simulates a dicethrow gesture (e.g., corresponding to movements typically conducted whenperforming a dice throw with conventional dice). In one embodiment, thedice may automatically stop tumbling, and the winning bets may be paid.

In another example embodiment the operation of a roulette wheel may befacilitated via the use of the handheld device. In embodiments where thegame is to be played at the handheld device, the selecting of one of theroulette game may be implemented using forward, backward and/or sidewaystilting actions (and/or other gestures) conducted at the handhelddevice. In other embodiments, the handheld device may be registered oractivated for use at a selected remote system (e.g., gaming machine,game table, etc) where the game play is conducted. In one embodiment,wagers may also be placed on the outcome of the game, for example, viatilting actions and/or other gestures conducted at the handheld device.According to different embodiments, a player may rock or twist thehandheld device backwards/forwards and/or clockwise/counter-clock wise(and/or perform other gestures at the handheld device) to initiatespinning of the roulette wheel. In one embodiment, the player mayperform additional movements or gestures at the handheld device toinitiate launching of the roulette ball into the roulette wheel. In oneembodiment, the roulette wheel may automatically slow down to allow theball to land in one of the numbered positions on the roulette wheel. Thewinning bets may then be paid.

In another example embodiment the operation of a card game may befacilitated via the use of the handheld device. In embodiments where thegame is to be played at the handheld device, the selecting of one of thecard games may be implemented using forward, backward and/or sidewaystilting actions (and/or other gestures) conducted at the handhelddevice. In other embodiments, the handheld device may be registered oractivated for use at a selected remote system (e.g., gaming machine,game table, etc) where the game play is conducted. In one embodiment,wagers may also be placed on the outcome of the game, for example, viatilting actions and/or other gestures conducted at the handheld device.In one embodiment, real or virtual cards may be dealt, and a player mayperform movements or gestures at his or her handheld device in order toinput game play instructions. For example, in one embodiment, the playermay rock the handheld device forward to discard a card, rock thehandheld device to the right to select the next card to the right, rockthe handheld device to the left to select the next card to the left.After all card selections have been made, the user may perform one ormore other gestures at the handheld device to advance the game to thenext state.

FIG. 5 shows an example of a data flow diagram in accordance with aspecific embodiment. As illustrated in the example of FIG. 5, raw datafrom various motion detection components may be processed at processor510. Such raw data may include, but is not limited to, one or more ofthe following (or combination thereof): accelerometer raw data 502(e.g., x-axis accelerometer raw data, y-axis accelerometer raw data,and/or z-axis accelerometer raw data); camera raw data 504 (e.g., fromone or more cameras); gyro raw data 506 (e.g., from one or more gyros);rangefinder raw data 508 (e.g., from one or more rangefinders); etc. Ifthe handheld device includes more, fewer or different motion detectioncomponents as may be the case in some embodiments, the raw data maycorrespond to the components which are included.

In at least one embodiment, the raw data may be processed at one or moreprocessors (e.g., 510) to produce motion detection output data 512. Inat least one embodiment, the motion detection output data 512 mayinclude translation data (e.g., along x, y and/or z axes) and/orrotation data (e.g., with respect to the x, y and/or z axes). In oneembodiment, the motion detection output data 512 may be provided to oneor more additional processors (e.g., 516) which may be operable toanalyze and interpret the motion detection output data in order toidentify the operation(s), function(s) and/or task(s) which the handhelddevice may perform (i.e., device behavior 516) in response to thedetected movements of the handheld device.

FIG. 6 shows a flow diagram of a Motion Selection Procedure 600 inaccordance with a specific embodiment. In the example of FIG. 6, it isassumed that raw data corresponding to movement of a handheld device isreceived. In one embodiment, the raw movement data may includex-acceleration data 602 x, y-acceleration data 602 y and/orz-acceleration data 602 z. In at least one embodiment, the movement datamay be processed (604) to yield an output indicating movement of thehandheld device. Other embodiments may include other types of movementdata, such as, for example, optical or camera data, gyro data,rangefinder data, etc.

As shown at 606 at least one operation may be performed to determine,identify, and/or select a dominant axis of motion. In at least oneembodiment, detected movement along the identified dominant axis may beaugmented or modified, for example, in order to increase it'ssignificance with respect to particular application(s). For example, inone embodiment, if the identified dominant axis of motion is the x-axis,then the movement along the x-axis may be augmented (610 x). If theidentified dominant axis of motion is the y-axis, then the movementalong the y-axis may be augmented (610 y). If the identified dominantaxis of motion is the z-axis, then the movement along the z-axis may beaugmented (610 z). In some embodiments, it may be desirable to selecttwo axes as the dominant or primary axes. In such embodiments, detectedmovement along each of the identified dominant axes may be individuallyaugmented.

According to specific embodiments, the amount or degree of augmentationof movement in the dominant axis of motion may vary in differentembodiments, for example, according to the application(s) being utilizedor other characteristics. In some embodiments, user preferences 611 maybe utilized to determine type(s) and/or amount(s) of movementaugmentation. According to specific embodiments, movement along axesother than the dominant axis of motion may also be augmented (e.g.,minimized), for example, in order to reduce or eliminate it'ssignificance with respect to particular application(s).

As shown at 612, the augmented movement(s) may be processed to yielddevice behavior information 614. According to specific embodiments, suchprocessing may include accessing an application to determine theparticular device behavior(s) to perform based on the augmentedmovement(s). Augmented movement(s) may yield different types of devicebehavior(s) based, for example, on specific application(s), specificuser(s), specific environment(s), etc.

For particular user interfaces utilizing motion input, there may bevalue in displaying the relative location or position of the handhelddevice (e.g., via information displayed at display 112 of handhelddevice 110). For example, in particular embodiments usingtranslation-based input such as for navigating a map displayed at thehandheld device, the position of the handheld device may directlydetermine the portion of the map displayed at display 12. However, ifdevice position information is kept in absolute terms (e.g., as withglobal positioning satellite (GPS) based systems) the utility for manytasks such as map or menu navigation may be impaired. Thus, it isbeneficial in certain circumstances to define a “zero point,” or anorigin in a local context, that may be used to determine the behavior ofthe handheld device. For example, if a zero point is defined when thehandheld device is at a point A, then motion between point A and a pointB may be used as input. Particularly useful applications of setting azero point may include external behaviors such as moving the virtualdisplay or locating applications in the space around a user's body.Setting a zero point also addresses internal behaviors such asinstructing the handheld device to ignore the gravitational accelerationat the current orientation to allow the handheld device to act only onadditional, and presumably user generated, accelerations.

Handheld devices according to particular embodiments may includeapplication user interfaces that utilize motion input only at certaintimes. At other times, for example, the motion of the handheld devicemay not be utilized as input, and it may be useful to disengage or “turnoff” motion sensitivity or the motion detection capability of thehandheld device. Disengagement of motion sensitivity may comprise, forexample, deactivation of one or more motion detectors, motion sensors,and/or other components, such as, for example, a motion response moduleof the handheld device. Particular embodiments thus allow for theselective engagement and disengagement of the motion sensitivity of thehandheld device.

As an example, a motion response module which modifies display based onmotion detected by one or more motion detection components of thehandheld device, may have a mode of operation in which it awaits atrigger for switching to another mode of operation in which motionsensitivity is enabled. According to a specific embodiment, when motionsensitivity is not enabled, motion of the handheld device may bedisregarded. The trigger may also set a zero-point for the handhelddevice. When the zero-point is set, the motion response module maymeasure a baseline orientation of the handheld device based, forexample, on measurement from motion detection components. The baselineorientation may comprise the position of the handheld device(determined, for example, from information from motion detectorcomponents) when the trigger is received. Future movement of thehandheld device may be compared against the baseline orientation todetermine the functions to perform or the modifications which should bemade to displayed information (e.g., based on the user's motion of thehandheld device).

Particular embodiments provide for any number of user-initiated actions(or combinations thereof) to act as a trigger for zero-point selectionand selective engagement/disengagement of the motion sensitivity of thehandheld device. Such actions may include, for example, the pressing ofa key on input, moving device in a particular way (e.g., movementcorresponding to a particular gesture), tapping on the touchscreen,and/or other designated actions/events. In at least one embodiment,specific user-initiated action(s) may set a zero-point and/or may engagemotion sensitivity of the handheld device. In some embodiments, a periodof inactivity or minimal activity (i.e., relative stillness) may also beused to set a zero-point and/or to engage or disengage motionsensitivity.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram of a Zero Point Setting Procedure 700in accordance with a specific embodiment. In one embodiment, the ZeroPoint Setting Procedure may be initiated for the passive setting of azero-point for a handheld device.

As illustrated in the example of FIG. 7, the handheld device may beoperable to monitor and/or detect changes in acceleration with respectto one or more specified axes (e.g., change in acceleration with respectto an x-axis 702, change in acceleration with respect to a y-axis 704,and/or change in acceleration with respect to a z-axis 706.

As shown at 708, at least one action or operation may be initiated todetermine whether any detected acceleration change exceeds one or morespecified threshold value(s). For example, in one embodiment, ifdetected acceleration change along each (or selected axes) of the threeaxes is not greater than a predetermined threshold, then the handhelddevice may be considered to be at rest, and a zero-point may be set(710) in response. According to one embodiment, an at rest position maybe determined, for example, from stabilization of the raw data and/orfrom data received from motion components of one or more motiondetection devices at the handheld device. In at least one embodiment, ifdetected acceleration changes along one or more specified axes isgreater than predetermined threshold value(s), then it may be determinedthat the handheld device is not currently at rest, and no zero pointset.

In one embodiment, the technique of passively setting a zero-point mayhelp to ensure that when the handheld device is at rest, a zero point isable to be set. In at least one embodiment, the threshold values may beused to determine whether an acceleration change is high enough so as totrigger (or not to trigger) the setting of a zero-point. For example, inone embodiment, a user is able to passively set the zero point byholding the handheld device relatively still for a predetermined timeperiod. It should be understood that, in at least some otherembodiments, similar techniques may be used in connection with motiondetector components other than accelerometers. Thresholds may also beused in such similar methods to account for small, unintended movementsthat may otherwise prevent setting of a zero point.

Particular embodiments may include functionality for allowing a user torepeatedly selectively engage and disengage the motion sensitivity ofthe handheld device in order to allow greater movement through a virtualdesktop (or information space) using motion input. Such functionalitymay be useful, for example, in environments where there is a limitedamount of physical space available for the user to move the handhelddevice. This process can be analogized to “scrubbing” with a mousecontrolling a cursor, or lifting the mouse off of a surface andreplacing the mouse on the surface at a different location to allowgreater movement of the cursor. Lifting the mouse breaks the connectionbetween the motion of the mouse and the motion of the cursor. Similarly,a user may be able to engage and disengage the connection between themotion of a handheld device and the operations, functions and/or actionsbased on movement of the handheld device.

FIG. 8 shows a flow diagram of a Motion Input-Feedback Procedure 800 inaccordance with a specific embodiment. In at least one embodiment, thehandheld device may be operable to automatically and dynamically adaptits interpretation of motion input data based upon various types offeedback data.

At 802 it is assumed that raw motion data is received at handhelddevice. As described above, the raw motion data may be generated by anycombination of accelerometers, gyros, cameras, rangefinders or any othersuitable motion detection components.

At 804, the raw motion data is processed to produce a motion detectoroutput indicative of the motion of the handheld device. Such processingmay include various filtering techniques and fusion of data frommultiple detection components.

At 806, the handheld device state or operating mode may be checked. Insome embodiments the feedback for a particular motion may depend on thestate or mode of operation of the handheld device when the motion isreceived. Example device states may include, but are not limited to, oneor more of the following (or combination thereof):

-   -   menu navigation mode;    -   device configuration mode;    -   device status check mode;    -   resources status check mode;    -   silent mode;    -   telephone mode;    -   PDA mode;    -   application specific execution mode;    -   Internet access mode;    -   active game play mode;    -   player/user game play input mode;    -   player/user wager input mode;    -   bonus game mode;    -   spinning reel game play mode;    -   dice game play mode;    -   roulette game play mode;    -   card game play mode;    -   map display mode;    -   entertainment mode;    -   bar mode;    -   restaurant mode;    -   casino services access mode;    -   diagnostics mode;    -   learning mode;    -   etc.

At 808, the motion detector output may analyzed with respect to thecurrent state or mode of operation of the handheld device.

At 810, a determination is made as to whether the motion indicated bythe motion detector output is meaningful or otherwise recognizable giventhe current state or operating mode of the handheld device. For example,a particular gesture may be interpreted as corresponding to a certainfunction (or set of functions) in one mode of operation (e.g., menunavigation mode) while the gesture may be interpreted as correspondingto a different function (or different set of functions) in a second modeof operation (e.g., active game play mode).

In one embodiment, if it is determined that the gesture is recognizableor meaningful in light of the state or operating mode of the handhelddevice, then appropriate feedback may be provided (812). According tospecific embodiments, such feedback may be presented in a variety ofdifferent formats such as, for example, audio, visual and/or vibratoryformats. In some cases the feedback may merely be an indication that thehandheld device recognizes the gesture given the current state or modeof operation of the handheld device. In other cases, the feedback mayinclude a further query for additional input, for example, if the userwas utilizing a particular application of the handheld device thatprovided for a series of inputs to perform one or more functions.

As shown at 814, the handheld device may behave in accordance with aresponse to the gesture (e.g., corresponding to the motion input) whichhas been interpreted with respect to the device state/operating mode.

According to at least one embodiment, if it is determined (e.g., at 810)that the motion indicated by the motion detector output is notmeaningful or recognizable given the current state or operating mode ofthe handheld device, then a determination may be made as to whether themotion meets or exceeds specific threshold criteria. This determinationmay be made, for example, to determine whether particular motion inputwas, for example, intended to be a gesture. According to specificembodiments, the threshold criteria may include various types ofinformation such as, for example: the amplitude of the motion input, thetime course of the motion input, the number and spacing of accelerationsof the motion, etc.

According to at least one embodiment, if it is determined (e.g., at 816)that the motion input does not meet or exceed specific thresholdcriteria, then no feedback data is generated (e.g., based on that motioninput data). If, however, the motion input does meet or exceed specificthreshold criteria, then it may be possible that a gesture had beenintended but was not recognized. Accordingly, as shown at 818,appropriate feedback may be provided. According to specific embodiments,the feedback may include audio, visual and/or vibratory feedback, andmay indicate that the gesture was not recognizable or properlyinterpretable. In particular embodiments, the feedback may also includea query regarding the intended gesture and/or may otherwise present theuser with possible candidates of the intended gesture(s) from which theuser may select the particular gesture intended.

It will be appreciated that at least some other embodiments may notinclude at least some of the operations described in the example of FIG.8, while other embodiments may include additional operations and/orsimilar operations in different orders. Further, at least someembodiments may utilize different types of motion input feedback (e.g.,including feedback “conversations”) for different selected applicationsand/or modes of operations.

According to at least one embodiment, the handheld device may beoperable to automatically and dynamically modify its motion/gestureinterpretation capabilities, as desired. For example, in at least somesituations where particular user movements or gestures are detected, butare not able to be interpreted (e.g., detection of a non-meaningful usergesture), a gesture interpretation tuning procedure may be implementedin order to improve the device's gesture interpretation capabilities.

FIG. 19 shows a flow diagram of a Gesture Interpretation TuningProcedure in accordance with a specific embodiment. As illustrated inthe example of FIG. 19, when non-meaningful movement(s) and/ornon-meaningful gesture(s) is/are detected (1902) at the handheld device,the handheld device may request (1904) input from the user in order tohelp identify the proper interpretation of the detectedmovement(s)/gesture(s). In at least some embodiments, the handhelddevice may identify a list of candidates corresponding to possibleinterpretations of a detected non-meaningful movement/gesture, andpresent the list of candidates to the user for selection. For example,in one example, the handheld device may display the following message tothe user: “Was that a gesture for ‘HIT ME’? (Y/N)”. In at least oneembodiment, the user may select one of the candidates suggested by thehandheld device, or may provide additional input relating to a new ordifferent interpretation (e.g., not suggested by the handheld device).

At 1906, at least a portion of the user's input may be used to modifythe device's movement/gesture interpretation capabilities. For example,in one embodiment, at least a portion of the user's input may be used tomodify information stored in a movement/gesture mapping database whichmay be used by the handheld device to perform movement/gesturedetection, analysis, and/or interpretation. For example, in oneembodiment, a new profile may be added to the movement/gesture mappingdatabase which characterizes the newly identified motion/gesture, andwhich maps the identified movement/gesture to the interpretationindicated by the user. In another embodiment, characteristics ofexisting movement/gesture profiles in the movement/gesture mappingdatabase may be modified based upon the characteristics of the newlyidentified motion/gesture and/or based upon the user's input.

According to specific embodiments, various handheld devices describedherein may receive gesture motion input to control a variety offunctions relating to applications running at the handheld device and/orrelating to applications running at remote devices and/or systems.

Some applications which may be operable to utilize gesture input (e.g.,via the handheld device) may include gaming activities conducted at gametables or gaming machines. In at least one embodiment, some form ofauthentication may be implemented to authenticate a player or user ofthe handheld device, such as, for example, a personal identificationnumbers (PINs), credit card information, player tracking information,etc. Another form of authentication may include a user's writtensignature, and at least some embodiments described herein may utilizemotion input (e.g., detected at the handheld device) to receive a user'ssignature as a form of authentication.

According to specific embodiments, a written signature (e.g., on paper)may be considered a two dimensional record of a gesture. When utilizinga handheld device with motion input, a user's signature may berepresented in three dimensions and may thus comprise a “spatialsignature.” Moreover, when combined with other forms of input receivedat the handheld device, a user's signature can take on any number ofdimensions (e.g., four, five or even more dimensions). For example, athree-dimensional gesture “written” in space using the handheld deviceand detected at motion detector component(s) 122 may be combined withkey-presses and/or other inputs to increase the number of dimensions ofthe signature.

According to at least one embodiment, these spatial signatures may betracked, recorded, and/or analyzed by one or more motion detector ofhandheld devices. Additionally, at least a portion of the spatialsignatures may be recorded with varying degrees of precision (e.g., bydifferent motion detector components) to serve as an effective form ofauthentication. For example, in one embodiment, a user's spatialsignature may comprise a three-dimensional form based on the user'straditional two-dimensional written signature and/or may comprise anyother suitable gesture which the user records at the handheld device ashis or her signature.

In some embodiments, the process for recognizing a spatial signature mayinvolve pattern recognition and learning algorithms. The process mayanalyze relative timings of key accelerations associated with thesignature. These may correspond to starts and stops of motions, curvesin motions and other motion characteristics. In some cases, some hash ofa data set of a points of a signature motion may be stored, andsubsequent signatures may be compared against the hash for recognition.This may further verify if the signature was genuine by determiningwhether it was unique. For example, in particular embodiments, asignature may be detected (e.g., by a signature detection module) bycomparing a particular movement of the handheld device with respect toan initial or reference position. Such comparison may be made bycomparing a sequence of accelerations of the movement with apredetermined sequence of accelerations of a stored spatial signature.In at least some embodiments, this determination may be made regardlessof the scale of the user's input motion signature. Further, in at leastsome embodiments, the handheld device may be operable to detect whethermotion of the handheld device matches a signature by determining whetherpositions of the handheld device in motion (e.g., relative to an initialposition) match the spatial signature.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of network portion 900, which may be usedfor illustrating various aspects and/or features described herein. In atleast one embodiment, handheld device 902 may be operable to receivegesture input from a user and provide user instructions (and/or otherinput information) to one or more gaming systems, gaming devices, gametables, and/or remote systems of a gaming network.

As shown in the example of FIG. 9, handheld device 902 may communicatewith one or more gaming device(s)/system(s) 912 and/or one or moreremote device/system(s) 906 (e.g., via communication network 904).

According to one embodiment, handheld device 902 may detect motion ofthe handheld device, and may generate raw motion data via one or moremotion detection components, such as, for example, accelerometers,cameras, rangefinders, gyros, etc. The raw motion data may be processedat the handheld device. Particular databases (such as, for example,gesture and gesture mapping databases) may be accessed to determinematching gesture(s) and intended function(s) based on motion tracked bya control module of the handheld device. In one embodiment, the intendedfunction may be intended for implementation at a different system/device(such as, for example, gaming device/system 912 and/or remotedevice/system 906) which, for example, may be responsive to instructionsreceived from the handheld device 902. Further, in at least oneembodiment, the motion/gesture detection functionality at the handhelddevice may be operable to serve as an interface for input, operation,and/or control signals communicated from handheld device 902 to theother device(s)/system(s). In other embodiments, the raw motion data orother data merely indicating a particular motion input for device 902may be provided to gaming device/system 912 and/or remote device/system906 for subsequent analysis and response.

In at least some embodiments, gaming device/system 912 and/or remotedevice/system 906 may be operable to process the raw motion datareceived from handheld device 902, for example, in order to determineone or more intended functions or operations to be performed based onthe raw motion data. In some embodiments, a user of device 902 mayindicate to device 902 (e.g., through motion or otherwise) the otherdevice(s)/system(s) which are intended to receive instructions and/orother information from the handheld device. It will be appreciated thatother embodiments may include different number(s) of devices and/orsystem(s) of varying types which may be responsive toinstructions/information received from handheld device 902.

Specific embodiments described herein may include functionality forproviding the ability to control other devices/systems through motioninput of one or more handheld devices such as handheld device 902. Insome embodiments a user of handheld device 902 may identify or selectone or more device(s)/system(s) that the handheld device 902 is intendedto control. For example, a user may use input of handheld device 902(e.g., by pressing a button or moving a trackwheel) to select a local orremote device/system to control (and/or to provide user input to) beforeinitiating movement of the handheld device for the purpose of conveyinggesture input information. In some embodiments, a user may also movehandheld device 902 according to a particular gesture in order to selectthe desired devices/systems (e.g., other local or remotedevices/systems) for communication/control.

In yet other embodiments, the intended recipient (e.g., gamingdevice/system 912, remote device/system 906, etc.) of the user's gestureinput information (which is input via the handheld device) may bedynamically and/or automatically selected based upon predeterminedcriteria such as, for example: proximity, authentication, user identity,device/system identity, user preferences, etc. For example, in at leastsome embodiments where a user of the handheld device is participating in(or desires to participate in) game play at a selected game table orselected gaming machine, the handheld device may be operable to providethe user's gesture input information to the selected game table orselected gaming machine.

According to specific embodiments, handheld device 902 may include aplurality of different gesture command maps which may be used tocorrelate input gestures (e.g., detected at the handheld device) withbehaviors and/or commands to be implemented at one or more differentrecipient device(s)/system(s). In one embodiment, a control module ofthe handheld device may select a particular command map corresponding toa specific type of device or system that has been selected or identifiedto receive input gesture information and/or commands from the handhelddevice. In some embodiments, handheld device 902 may include a devicelocator operable to detect, for each of a plurality of remotedevice/systems, a direction from the handheld device to each remotedevice/system.

While motion input for handheld device 902 may be used for interactionswith other devices, other types of input mechanisms may also be usedsuch as, for example, other types of input mechanisms described herein.

According to specific embodiments, handheld device 902 may be operableto detect motion of the handheld device via motion detection components,and may be operable to modify its behavior in some way according to themotion detected. Further, in at least some embodiments, at least somehandheld devices may be operable to model of their particularenvironments and subsequently modify their behaviors based on suchenvironments.

As an example, if a handheld device changes its behavior when movedaccording to a particular gesture, that may be considered sensing ordetecting a particular motion and reacting based on the motion detected.However, in at least some embodiments, the interpretation of thehandheld device motion (and subsequent responses/reactions) may bedependent upon the particular environment in which the handheld deviceis located.

In at least one embodiment, the handheld device may be operable todetect environmental conditions associated with a location of thehandheld device. Additionally, the handheld device may be operable toinitiate environmental modeling behaviors based upon detectedenvironmental events and/or conditions. According to specificembodiments, environmental modeling may not require an immediateresponse to a user input. In at least one embodiment, modeling anenvironment may involve sensing or detecting a pattern of motion (orlack thereof), matching it to a predefined set of environmentalconditions, and/or modifying the behavior of the handheld device basedon the modeled environment. The behavior implemented based on theenvironment modeled may also change based on a particular application inuse or in focus. In some cases, the handheld device may change itssensitivity to particular motions based on the environment modeled.

As an example, a handheld device may recognize (e.g., throughaccelerometers and/or other motion detection components) that it is atrest on an approximately horizontal surface. Such recognition may resultfrom a determination that the handheld device is not moving, or still,with a static 1 g of acceleration orthogonal to a surface. The handhelddevice may be able to differentiate resting on a table from resting in auser's hand, for example, because a user's hand typically will not beable to hold the handheld device perfectly still. The handheld devicemay, in response, behave in a certain manner according to therecognition that it is at rest on an approximately horizontal surface.

For example, if handheld device 902 recognized that it was lying at reston a table, it may power off (or go into standby mode or power savemode) in response to determining that it has been lying in such positionfor a specified amount of time. As another example, a cellular phone ina vibrate mode may vibrate more gently if it recognizes it is on a tableupon receipt of a call or upon any other event that may triggervibration of the phone. In some embodiments, the handheld device mayrecognize its orientation while lying on a table such that it may behavein one manner when lying in a “face down” position (e.g., it may poweroff the display), while it may behave in a different manner when lyingin a non-face down position. For example, if handheld device 902includes cellular phone functionality, it may enter a speaker mode whenit is on a call, and may recognize that it has been placed by a user ina “face up” position on a table while on the call. If, on the otherhand, the cellular phone is engaged in an active call and is placed facedown on the table, it may enter a mute mode.

As another example, handheld device 902 may recognize through a briefperiod of approximately 0 g that it is in free-fall, and in response maybehave accordingly to reduce damage due to impending impact with theground or another surface. Such behavior may include, for example,powering down chips and/or hard drives, retracting lenses, applyingcovers or any other device behavior.

In particular embodiments, non-hand-held devices or devices that do nototherwise detect motion for input may also be able to model theirenvironment and to behave based on the environment modeled. As anadditional example, acceleration patterns may be detected to recognizethat a handheld device 902 is in a moving environment (e.g., being heldby a user who is moving about the casino) and may adjust varioussensitivities, threshold and/or other characteristics to enable betterperformance of the handheld device in that environment.

If handheld device 902 comprised a device that utilized a cradle forsyncing up with another device, such as a PC, then device 902 mayrecognize that it is in the cradle based on its stillness (or supportedstate) and its particular orientation. The handheld device may thenoperate or function according to its state of being in the cradle (e.g.,it may then sync up with its associated PC).

FIG. 10 shows a flow diagram of a specific example embodiment 1000illustrating an environmental modeling process. In at least oneembodiment, the environmental process 1000 may be implemented at anappropriately configured handheld device.

At 1002, it is assumed that raw motion data is received at the handhelddevice. As described above, the raw motion data may be received by anycombination of accelerometers, gyros, cameras, rangefinders and/or anyother suitable motion detection components.

At 1004, the raw motion data is processed. In one embodiment, the rawmotion data may be processed to produce motion detector outputinformation from which motion and/or orientation of the handheld devicemay be determined (e.g., at 1006).

At 1006 one or more actions may be initiated in order to determinemotion and/or orientation data relating to the handheld device. Forexample, as illustrated in the example of FIG. 10, blocks 1012-1018illustrate different types of example motions and/or orientations whichmay be associated with the handheld device, such as, for example,rotating around one or more axes (e.g., z-axis 1012), translating alongone or more axes (e.g., x-axis 1014), oriented at particular angles(e.g., α, θ, ω 1016), absence of detected motion/movement (e.g., 1018),etc. It will be appreciated that the example of FIG. 10 provides only afew example motions and/or orientations which may be used tocharacterize the handheld device. Other embodiments may include othercombinations of motion and/or revocation characteristics which may bedetermined at 1006. In at least some embodiments, the determinedorientations may comprise an orientation of the handheld device withrespect to particular reference criteria (such as, for example, thedirection of gravity).

At 1020 one or more actions may be initiated in order to determineenvironment data relating to the handheld device. In at least oneembodiment, the environment data may be based at least in part upon onthe motion/orientation (e.g., determined at 1006). For example, asillustrated in the example of FIG. 10, blocks 1022-1026 illustratedifferent types of example environments which may be associated with thehandheld device, such as, for example, face down on a table (1022),falling (1024), held in hand (1026), etc. According to specificembodiments, different types of environments may be determined based,for example, on motion and orientation data (e.g., determined at 1006).In particular embodiments, the environmental determination may also bebased on a history of the handheld device, such as, for example, amotion/orientation history. In at least one embodiment, such history maycomprise a previous motion/orientation of the handheld device and/or anyother information relating to the device's history.

For example, when implementing a speaker mode function of a cellularphone, the handheld device may detect a short sequence of “jarring”movements, followed by the unit being placed in a relatively horizontalorientation during a call, followed by relative stillness (e.g., theshort jarring movements may be caused by a user placing the phone faceup on a table). The handheld device may be operable to detect that itwas jarred, and using such information, may interpret subsequentdetections of movements/orientations (e.g., stillness, orientation toperpendicular position relative to gravity, etc.) differently than itwould had the jarring not been detected.

At 1030, the determined environment may be mapped to a particularbehavior. In one embodiment, the mapped behavior may be based on variouscriteria in addition to the determined environment. Examples of suchcriteria may include, but are not limited to, one or more of thefollowing (or combination thereof): desired characteristics of theparticular user using the handheld device at the time, the particularapplication in use or focus at the time, time of day, location, targetdevice(s)/system(s) which have been identified or selected forcommunication with the handheld device, current state or operating modeof the handheld device, etc.

For example, the behavior according to a particular modeled environmentmay include engaging a mute function of the handheld device (e.g.,1032), powering down components of the handheld device (e.g., 1034),increasing or decreasing a motion activation threshold of the handhelddevice (e.g., 1036), etc. In one embodiment, the mute behavior indicatedat 1032 may be implemented, for example, when the handheld device hasengaged its cellular phone functionality, and its environment (e.g.,1022) comprises laying face down on a table. In one embodiment, thepowering down chips behavior at 1034 may be implemented when theenvironment (e.g., 1024) of handheld device comprises a free fall of thehandheld device. In one embodiment, the increasing a motion activationthreshold behavior at 1036 may be implemented when a handheld device'senvironment (e.g., 1026) comprises being held in the hand of a user.Other embodiments may include a variety of other types of behaviorswhich may be mapped to one or more modeled environments.

As shown at 1040, the handheld device may be operable to behaveaccording to the behavior(s) to which its environment has been mapped(e.g., at 1030).

As indicated above, users may move handheld devices according toparticular gestures to cause the handheld devices to perform desiredfunctions, operations and/or tasks. In particular embodiments, gesturesused as motion input for the handheld device may comprise pre-existingsymbols, such as letters of the alphabet, picture symbols or any otheralphanumeric character or pictographic symbol or representation. Forexample, gestures used as motion input may mimic upper and lower casemembers of an alphabet in any language, Arabic and Roman numerals andshorthand symbols. Other types of gestures used as motion input maymimic player motions or movements during various types of game playactivities such as, for example player movements which may occur duringplay of various types of wager based games such as blackjack, poker,baccarat, craps, roulette, slots, etc. Preexisting gestures may be usedfor handheld device input for other local and/or remote devices as well.Using preexisting gestures for handheld device input may facilitate thelearning process for users with respect to gesture motion interfaces.

FIG. 11 shows a flow diagram of a specific example embodiment 1100illustrating utilization of a preexisting symbol gesture as motioninput.

In the example of FIG. 11, it is assumed, for purposes of illustration,that a user moves handheld device along a circular path (e.g., whichresembles the letter “O”), as illustrated at 1102.

At 1104, handheld device receives raw motion data of the circularmovement (herein referred to as the “O” movement) from motion detectioncomponents.

At 11106, the handheld device may process the raw motion data, forexample, to determine the actual motion of the handheld device.

At 1108, the handheld device may access a gesture database 1120 whichmay include a plurality of gestures recognizable by the handheld deviceto map the actual motion of the handheld device to the gesture “O.” Inat least one embodiment, at least some of the gestures of the gesturedatabase may each be defined by a series of accelerations relating toone or more movement(s). In one embodiment, the actual motion of thehandheld device may be matched to a series of accelerations of one ofthe gestures of the gesture database.

At 1110, the handheld device may map the gesture “O” to a particularfunction by accessing a function database 1122 (or a gesture mappingdatabase) which may include a plurality of functions that may beperformed by one or more applications running on the handheld device. Inan alternate embodiment, the handheld device may map the gesture “O” toa particular sequence of operations to be implemented at the handhelddevice by accessing the gesture mapping database. In at least oneembodiment, the sequence of operations may include generating specificuser input data based upon the identified gesture “O.” In someembodiments, the user input data may be provided to one or moresystem(s) and/or device(s) (e.g., gaming machines, game tables, remoteservers, etc.) in order to advance selected game play activities. Forexample, in one embodiment where the user of the handheld devicecorresponds to a player who is engaged in active game play at a spinningreel gaming machine, the identified gesture “O” may be mapped (e.g., bythe handheld device) to an instruction to commence spinning of thegaming machine reels. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the handhelddevice may respond by transmitting instructions to the gaming machine tocommence spinning of its reels.

In alternate embodiments, gesture information relating to the identifiedgesture “O” may be provided by the handheld device to one or more othersystem(s) and/or device(s). In at least some embodiments, the othersystem(s)/device(s) may be operable to implement their own gesturemapping analysis of the received gesture information using one or moregesture mapping databases. For example, in one embodiment where the userof the handheld device corresponds to a player who is engaged in activegame play at a game table, information relating to the identifiedgesture “O” may be transmitted from the handheld device to the gametable, whereupon the game table may then map the identified gesture “O”to a particular set of player input instructions using a gesture mappingdatabase which has been customize specifically for use with table gamesconducted at that game table. One advantage of such an alternateembodiment is that it allows for use in implementation of lesssophisticated handheld devices since, for example, the remotesystem/device are able to perform the gesture interpretation or gesturemapping functionalities.

According to different embodiments, the gesture and/or gesture mappingdatabases may be stored in local memory at the handheld device and/or atremote memory residing at one or more remote device(s)/system(s).

According to specific embodiments, the particular function mapped to thegesture “O” may depend on a particular application in focus or beingused by the user at the time. For example, during game playapplications, the gesture “O” may be mapped to a particular gestureassociated with game play gestures, while in non-game play applications,the gesture “O” may be mapped to a particular gesture associated withnon-game play gestures. In some embodiments, one gesture may be mappedto the same function for all applications, while other gestures may bemapped to different functions for different applications.

At 1112, the handheld device may initiate behavior in accordance withthe mapped gesture or mapped function.

According to specific embodiments, gestures used as motion input via ahandheld device may have different meanings (e.g., functions,operations, tasks) based on different contexts. For example, aparticular gesture may be mapped as a command to scroll a page up whenrunning a web browser at the handheld device, while the same gesture maybe mapped as a “hit me” command when the handheld device is engaged inan active game session at a blackjack table. The ability for aparticular gesture to be mapped to different commands depending on thecontext increases the utility of the handheld device.

Additionally, in at least some embodiments, handheld devices may be ableto utilize less sophisticated (or fewer) motion detection components ifgestures are mapped to different commands depending on the context. Asan example, a handheld device may include particular motion detectioncomponents such that the handheld device may only be able to recognizeand distinguish between a predetermined number (e.g., 20) of differentgestures. In one embodiment, if each gesture is mapable to a differentbehavior for each of four different applications, then the ability toonly recognize twenty unique gestures may provide eighty differentbehaviors at the handheld device (e.g., twenty for each application).

It will be appreciated that the ability to use fewer and/or less complexcomponents in the handheld device may lead to reduced costs in thecomponents utilized. Additionally, the ability to map gestures todifferent commands, functions, operations and/or behaviors based ondifferent contexts can also simplify the task of physically learninggestures required to control the handheld device. In some cases,gestures may be mapped to different behaviors depending on the state ofa particular application running at the handheld device and/or runningat a remote device and/or system. in at least some embodiments, acommand map associated with the gesture function mappings may includegesture mappings for each of such states.

FIG. 12 shows an example embodiment of a flow diagram 1200 illustratinga gesture assignment process for user-created gestures.

At 1202 it is assumed that an indication is received from a user forgesture creation. According to specific embodiments, the indication maybe received in any of a variety of ways using one or more differenttypes of input formats (e.g., keys, trackwheel, motion, touchscreen,etc.).

At 1204, the user may move the handheld device according to a specificuser-created gesture such that raw motion data for the user-createdgesture is received at the handheld device. In at least one embodiment,the raw motion data may comprise a sequence of accelerations and/orother movements relating to a gesture. In one embodiment, the sequenceof accelerations may be measured with reference to a base referenceposition. In at least one embodiment, the recording of the raw motiondata may continue for a predetermined time interval, and/or may continueuntil an indication is received to stop recording the raw motion data.In at least one embodiment, indications to start and/or stop recording auser-created gesture may include motion and/or non-motion indications(e.g., key presses, key releases, etc.).

At 1206 at least a portion of the recorded raw motion data may beprocessed, for example, in order to determine one or more motions to beassociated with the raw motion data.

At 1208, the motion is stored as a gesture, for example, at a gesturedatabase. In particular embodiments, the indication for gesture creationmay be received after the user moves the handheld device according to auser-created gesture. For example, the user may move the handheld deviceaccording to a user-created gesture that is currently unrecognizable bythe handheld device. The handheld device may query the user to determineif the user desires to store the unrecognized gesture for a particularfunction. The user may respond in the affirmative so that the user mayutilize the gesture as motion input in the future.

At 1210, function mapping information for the gesture may be receivedfrom the user. According to specific embodiments, the function mappinginformation may include, for example, functions, operations, inputinstructions, and/or tasks which the user desires to be mapped to theuser-created gesture. In particular embodiments, such function mappinginformation may comprise a series of functions (e.g., a macro) that maybe mapped to a particular gesture. The user may assign differentfunctions for a gesture according to various conditions and/or criteriasuch as, for example, one or more of the following: type of game beingplayed (e.g., craps, blackjack, poker, slots, etc.), location of theplayer/handheld device; current handheld device operating mode (e.g.,table game operating mode, gaming machine operating mode, bonus gameoperating mode, restaurant operating mode, theater operating mode,lounge operating mode, hotel operating mode, parking service operatingmode, room service operating mode, news magazine operating mode, etc.);game rules; time; player ID; player preferences; previous motioninterpretation/analysis; current game state; proximity to other objects,etc. For example, according to one embodiment, a given gesture may bemapped to a first set of user input instructions if the user is playingblackjack, and may be mapped to a second set of user input instructionsif the user is playing craps.

In some cases, a user may desire to map different gestures to differentkeys or keystrokes of the handheld device. One example of mapping aseries of functions to a gesture may include mapping a long string ofcharacters to a gesture.

At 1212, the function mapping information may be stored, for example, ata function database or gesture mapping database.

It will be appreciated that, it may be difficult for a user to movehandheld device in the same precise manner for one or more gestures eachtime those gestures are to be used as input. Accordingly, particularembodiments may be operable to allow for varying levels of precision ingesture input. Precision describes how accurately a gesture must beexecuted in order to constitute a match to a gesture recognized by thehandheld device, such as a gesture included in a gesture databaseaccessed by the handheld device. According to specific embodiments, thecloser a user generated motion must match a gesture in a gesturedatabase, the harder it will be to successfully execute such gesturemotion. In particular embodiments movements may be matched to gesturesof a gesture database by matching (or approximately matching) a detectedseries of accelerations of the movements to those of the gestures of thegesture database.

As the precision of gestures required for recognition increases, one mayhave more gestures (at the same level of complexity) that may bedistinctly recognized. In particular embodiments, the precision requiredby handheld device for gesture input may be varied. Different levels ofprecision may be required based upon different conditions, events and/orother criteria such as, for example, different users, different regionsof the “gesture space” (e.g., similar gestures may need more preciseexecution for recognition while gestures that are very unique may notneed as much precision in execution), different individual gestures,such as signatures, and different functions mapped to certain gestures(e.g., more critical functions may require greater precision for theirrespective gesture inputs to be recognized), etc. In some embodimentsusers may be able to set the level(s) of precision required for some orall gestures or gestures of one or more gesture spaces.

According to specific embodiments, gestures may be recognized bydetecting a series of accelerations of the handheld device as thehandheld device is moved along a path by a user according to an intendedgesture. In at least one embodiment, recognition may occur when theseries of accelerations (and/or other movements) is/are matched by thehandheld device to a gesture of a gesture database.

In some embodiments, each gesture recognizable by the handheld device,or each gesture of a gesture database, may include a matrix ofthree-dimensional points. In addition, a user movement intended as agesture input may include a matrix of three-dimensional points. In oneembodiment, the handheld device may compare the matrix of the movementwith the matrices of each recognizable gesture (or each gesture in thegesture database) to interpret or determine the intended gesture. Forexample, if a user moves the handheld device such that the movement'smatrix correlates to each point of an intended gesture's matrix, thenthe user may be deemed to have input the intended gesture with perfectprecision. As the precision required for gesture input is reduced, thegreater the allowable differences between a user gesture movement and anintended gesture of a gesture database for gesture recognition.

FIG. 13 shows an example embodiment of a flow diagram 1300 illustratinga gesture recognition process.

At 1302, it is assumed that raw motion data of a particular gesturemovement is received at the hand-held device.

At 1304, the raw motion data may be processed, for example, to determinethe actual motion of the handheld device. According to differentembodiments, such processing may include various filtering techniquesand/or fusion of data from multiple detection or sensing components.

At 1306, the actual motion may be mapped to a gesture. According tospecific embodiments, the mapping of actual motion(s) to a gesture mayinclude, for example, accessing (1308) a user settings database, which,for example, may include user data (e.g., 1309). According to specificembodiments, such user date may include, for example, one or more of thefollowing (or combination thereof): user precision and/or noisecharacteristics/thresholds; user-created gestures; user identities(e.g., 311) and/or other user-specific data or information. According tospecific embodiments, user-specific information may be important, forexample, because different users of the handheld device may havedifferent settings and motion input characteristics.

In at least one embodiment, user settings database 1308 may also includeenvironmental model information (e.g., 1310) which may be used ininterpreting or determining the current gesture. As discussed above,through environmental modeling, the handheld device can internallyrepresent its environment and the effect that environment is likely tohave on gesture recognition. For example, if it is determined that thehand-held device is being carried or transported by the user, then thehandheld device may automatically raise the noise threshold level,and/or may also reduce the precision required for mapping a particulargesture. Additionally, in at least some embodiments, mapping of theactual motion to a gesture may also include accessing a gesture database(e.g., 1312).

At 1314, the gesture may be mapped to one or more functions, operations,input instructions, and/or tasks. According to at least one embodiment,this may include accessing a function mapping database (e.g., 1316)which may include correlation information between gestures andfunctions. According to specific embodiments, different users may havedifferent mappings of gestures to functions and different user-createdfunctions. Thus, for example, function mapping database 1316 may alsoinclude user-specific mapping instructions, characteristics,user-created functions and/or any other input information which may beapplicable to mapping a particular gesture to one or more mapablefeatures (e.g., functions, operations, input instructions, tasks,keystrokes, etc).

According to specific embodiments, other information or criteria mayalso be used in determining the mapping of a particular gesture to oneor more mapable features, such as, for example, user identityinformation (e.g., 1311), context information (e.g., 1318). In at leastone embodiment, such context information may include one or more of thefollowing (or combination thereof): game type information, devicelocation information, device operating mode; time/date information;player ID information; player preferences; game state information;environmental model information (e.g., 1319), application in focusinformation (e.g., 1320), device state information 1321, etc.

At 1322 a-c, the handheld device may initiate the appropriate mapablefeatures which have been mapped to the identified gesture.

In particular embodiments handheld device may comprise digital camerafunctionality utilizing motion input for at least some of the functionsdescribed herein. For example, digital cameras with motion inputcapabilities may use motion input to flatten menus as discussed above.Motion may also be used to allow a user to zoom in (and/or zoom out) onstill photos or video to examine it more closely for smoother and moreintuitive functionality. Motion may be used to zoom in and out of anumber of thumbnails of photographs or video clips so that it is easy toselect one or more to review. Virtual desktops may be used to reviewmany thumbnails of many digital photos or video clips or to review manydigital photos or video clips by translating the camera or usinggestural input. Gestures and simple motions may be used alone or incombination with other interface mechanisms to modify various settingson digital still and video cameras, such as flash settings, type offocus and light sensing mode. Moreover, free fall may be detected toinduce the camera to protect itself in some way from damage in animpending collision. Such protection may include dropping power fromsome or all parts of the camera, closing the lens cover and retractingthe lens.

In particular embodiments handheld device may comprise digital or analogwatch functionality utilizing motion input for at least some of thefunctions described herein. For example, watches with motion inputcapabilities may use motion input to flatten menus as discussed above.In some embodiments, the tapping of the watch or particular gestures maybe used to silence the watch. Other functions may also be accessedthrough taps, rotations, translations and other more complex gestures.These functions may include starting and/or stopping player trackingsessions, providing game play instructions, providing wagerinstructions, etc.

Additional details relating to various aspects of gesture mappingtechnology are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/807,562to Marvit et al., entitled “Motion Controlled Remote Controller”, filedMar. 23, 2004, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by referencefor all purposes.

FIG. 14 shows an example interaction diagram illustrating variousinteractions which may occur between a gaming system (e.g., gamingmachine, game table, etc.) and a player's handheld device in accordancewith a specific embodiment. For purposes of illustration, it is assumedin the example of FIG. 14 that a player (possessing a handheld device ofthe present invention) desires to utilize his handheld device 1402 foruse in conducting game play activities at a selected casino gamingdevice or gaming system 1404 such as, for example, a gaming machine,game table, etc.

As shown in the example embodiment of FIG. 14, handheld device 1042 maysend a registration request message to the gaming system 1404, in orderto allow the handheld device to be used for game play activities (and/orother activities) conducted at gaming system 1404. In at least oneembodiment, the registration request message may include different typesof information such as, for example: player/user identity information,handheld device identity information, authentication/securityinformation, player tracking information, biometric identityinformation, PIN numbers, device location, etc.

According to specific embodiments, various events/conditions may triggerthe handheld device to automatically transmit the registration requestmessage to gaming system 1404. Examples of such events/conditions mayinclude, but are not limited to, one or more of the following (orcombinations thereof):

-   -   physical proximity of handheld device to gaming system detected        as satisfying predetermined criteria;    -   handheld device shown or handed to dealer and/or other casino        employee;    -   appropriate input detected at handheld device (e.g., player        pushes button, performs gesture, etc.);    -   communication received from gaming system;    -   specified time constraints detected as being satisfied;    -   gaming chip(s) placed detected within player's assigned wagering        region;    -   presence of player detected at player station;    -   detection of player's first wager being placed;    -   player location or position detected as satisfying predefined        criteria;    -   appropriate floor supervisor input detected;    -   player identity determined (e.g., through the use of directional        RFID;    -   through placement of player tracking media on a designated spot        at a table game; etc.);    -   etc.

As shown at (3) the gaming system 1404 may process the registrationrequest. In at least one embodiment, the processing of the registrationrequest may include various types of activities such as, for example,one or more of the following (or combinations thereof): authenticationactivities and/or validation activities relating to the handheld deviceand/or player; account verification activities; etc.

At (5) it is assumed that the registration request has been successfullyprocessed at gaming system 1404, and that a registration confirmationmessage is sent from the gaming system 1402 to handheld device 1402. Inat least one embodiment, the registration confirmation message mayinclude various types of information such as, for example: informationrelating to the gaming system 1404; information relating to gametype(s), game theme(s), denomination(s), paytable(s); min/max wageramounts available after the gaming system; current game state at thegaming system; etc.

As shown at (7), the handheld device may change or update its currentmode or state of operation to one which is appropriate for use with thegaming activity being conducted at gaming system 1404. In at least oneembodiment, the handheld device may utilize information provided by thegaming system to select or determine the appropriate mode of operationof the handheld device. For example, in one embodiment, the gamingsystem 1404 may correspond to a playing card game table which iscurrently configured as a blackjack game table. The gaming system mayprovide gaming system information to the handheld device which indicatesto the handheld device that the gaming system 1404 is currentlyconfigured as a Blackjack game table. In response, the handheld devicemay configure its current mode of operation for blackjack game playand/or blackjack gesture recognition/interpretation. In anotherembodiment where the gaming system 1404 may correspond to a slot-typegaming machine, the gaming system may provide gaming system informationto the handheld device which indicates to the handheld device that thegaming system 1404 is currently configured as a slot-type gamingmachine. In response, the handheld device may configure its current modeof operation for slot machine game play and/or gesturerecognition/interpretation relating to slot machine game play. In atleast one embodiment, interpretation of a player's gestures and/ormovements at the handheld device may be based, at least in part, on thecurrent mode of operation of the handheld device. Thus, for example, inone embodiment, the same gesture implemented by a player may beinterpreted differently by the handheld device, for example, dependingupon the type of game currently being played by the player.

At (9) it is assumed that gaming system 1404 advances its current gamestate (e.g., starts a new game/hand, ends a current game/hand, dealscards, accepts wagers, etc.). At (11) the gaming system 1404 may provideupdated game state information to the handheld device 1402. In at leastone embodiment, the updated game state information may includeinformation relating to a current or active state of game play which isoccurring at the gaming system.

In the present example, it is assumed, at (13), that player the currentgame state at gaming system 1404 requires input from the playerassociated with handheld device 1402. In at least one embodiment, theplayer may perform one or more gestures using the handheld devicerelating to the player's current game play instructions. For example, inone embodiment where the player is participating in a blackjack game atthe gaming system, and it is currently the player's turn to play, theplayer may perform a “hit me” gesture with the handheld device to conveythat the player would like to be dealt another card. According todifferent embodiments, a gesture may be defined to include one or moreplayer movements such as, for example, a sequence of player movements.

At (15) the handheld device may detect the player's gestures, and mayinterpret the detected gestures in order to determine the player'sintended instructions and/or other intended input. In at least oneembodiment, the detected gestures (of the player) and/or movements ofthe handheld device may be analyzed and interpreted with respect tovarious criteria such as, for example, one or more of the following (orcombinations thereof): game system information; current game state;current game being played (if any); player's current hand (e.g., cardscurrently dealt to player); wager information; player identity; playertracking information; player's account information; handheld deviceoperating mode; game rules; house rules; proximity to other objects;and/or other criteria described herein.

In at least one alternate embodiment, analysis and/or interpretation ofthe player's gestures (and/or other handheld device movements) may beperformed by a remote entity such as, for example, gaming system 1404.In at least one of such embodiments, the handheld device may be operableto transmit information related to the player's gestures and/or othermovements of the handheld device to the gaming system forinterpretation/analysis.

At (17) it is assumed that the handheld device has determined theplayer's instructions (e.g., based on the player's gesture(s) using thehandheld device), and transmits player instruction information to thegaming system. In at least one embodiment, the player constructioninformation may include player instructions relating to gamingactivities occurring at gaming system 1404.

As shown at (19), the gaming system may process the player instructionsreceived from handheld device 1402. Additionally, if desired, theinformation relating to the player's instructions, as well as otherdesired information (such as current game state information, etc.) maybe stored (21) in a database (e.g., local and/or remote database(s)).Such information may be subsequently used, for example, for auditingpurposes, player tracking purposes, etc.

At (23) the current game state of the game being played at gaming system1404 may be advanced, for example, based at least in part upon theplayer's instructions provided via handheld device 1402. In at least oneembodiment, the game state may not advance until specific conditionshave been satisfied. For example, at a table game of blackjack usingvirtual cards, a player may perform a “hit me” gesture with a handhelddevice during the player's turn to cause another card to be dealt tothat player. However, the dealing of the next virtual may not occuruntil the dealer performs a “deal next card” gesture.

In at least one embodiment, flow may continue (e.g., following anadvancement of game state) in a manner similar to the operationsdescribed with respect to reference characters 11-23 of FIG. 14, forexample.

According to other embodiments, various handheld devices and/or gamingsystems (e.g., gaming machines, game tables, etc.) may includenon-contact input interfaces which allow players to use gestures,movements, voice commands and/or other natural modes of communicatinginformation to selected systems and/or devices.

According to specific embodiments, the inputs allowed via thenon-contact interfaces may be regulated in each gaming jurisdiction inwhich such non-contact interfaces are deployed, and may vary from gamingjurisdiction to gaming jurisdiction. For example, for a voice interface,certain voice commands may be allowed/required in one jurisdiction butnot another. In at least one embodiment, the handheld devices and/orgaming systems may be configurable such that by inputting the gamingjurisdiction where the handheld device/gaming system is located (or byspecifying it in a software package shipped with the handhelddevice/gaming system), the handheld device/gaming system mayself-configure itself to comply with the regulations of the jurisdictionwhere it is located.

Another aspect of handheld device and/or gaming system operations thatmay also by regulated by a gaming jurisdiction is providing game historyretrieval capabilities. For instance, for dispute resolution purposes,it is often desirable to be able to replay information from a past game,such as the outcome of a previous game on the handheld device and/orgaming system. With the non-contact interfaces, it may be desirable tostore information regarding inputs made through a non-contact interfaceand provide a capability of playing information regarding the inputstored by the handheld device and/or gaming system.

In at least one embodiment, user gesture information relating to grossmotion/gesture detection, motion/gesture interpretation and/orinterpreted player input (e.g., based on the motion/gestureinterpretations) may be recorded and/or stored in an indexed and/orsearchable manner which allows the user gesture information to be easilyaccessed and retrieved for auditing purposes. For example, in at leastone embodiment, player gestures and/or player input interpretedtherefrom may be stored along with concurrent game state information toprovide various types of audit information such as, for example, gameaudit trail information, player input audit trail information, etc. Inone embodiment, the game audit trail information may include informationsuitable for enabling reconstruction of the steps that were executedduring selected previously played games as they progressed through onegame and into another game. In at least one embodiment, the game audittrail information may include all steps of a game. In at least oneembodiment, player input audit trail information may include informationdescribing one or more players' input (e.g., game play gesture input)relating to one or more previously played games. In at least oneembodiment, the game audit trail information may be linked with playerinput audit trail information in a manner which enables subsequentreconstruction of the sequence of game states which occurred for one ormore previously played game(s), including reconstruction of theplayer(s) instructions (and/or other game play input information) whichtriggered the transition of each recorded game state. In at least oneembodiment, the gaming system may be implemented as a handheld device.In other embodiments, the gaming system may include a handheld devicewhich is operable to store various types of audit information such as,for example: game history data, user gesture information relating togross motion/gesture detection, motion/gesture interpretation, gameaudit trail information, and/or player input audit trail information.

As an example, for a non-contact gesture recognition interface thatdetects and interprets player movements/gestures, a handheld deviceand/or gaming system may store player input information relating todetected player gestures (or portions thereof) and/or interpreted playerinstructions (e.g., based on the detected player movements/gestures)that have been received from one or more players during a game played atthe handheld device and/or gaming system, along with other informationdescribed herein. An interface may be provided on the handheld deviceand/or gaming system that allows the player input information to berecalled and output for display (e.g., via a display at the handhelddevice and/or gaming system). In a game outcome dispute, a casinooperator may use a playback interface at the handheld device and/orgaming system to locate and review recorded game history data and/orplayer input information relating to the disputed event.

According to specific embodiments, various handheld devices and/orgaming systems may include non-contact input interfaces which may beoperable to detect (e.g., via the non-contact input interfaces) andinterpret various types of player movements, gestures, vocal commandsand/or other player activities. For instance, as described in moredetail herein, the non-contact input interfaces may be operable toprovide eye motion recognition, hand motion recognition, voicerecognition, etc. Additionally, the various handheld devices and/orgaming systems may further be operable to analyze and interpret thedetected player motions, gestures, voice commands, etc. (collectivelyreferred to herein as “player activities”), in order determineappropriate player input instructions relating to the detected playeractivities.

In at least one embodiment, at least one gaming system described hereinmay be operable to monitor and record the movements/gestures of a playerduring game play of one or more games. The recorded information may beprocessed to generate player profile movement information which may beused for determining and/or verifying the player's identity. In oneembodiment, the player profile movement information may be used toverify the identity of a person playing a particular game at the gamingsystem. In one embodiment, the player profile movement information maybe used to enable and/or disable (and/or allow/prevent access to)selected gaming and/or wagering features of the gaming system. Forexample, in at least one embodiment, the player profile movementinformation may be used to characterize a known player's movements andto restrict game play if the current or real-time movement profile ofthat player changes abruptly or does not match a previously definedmovement profile for that player.

FIG. 16, shown is a diagrammatic representation of an exemplary sensorcurtain 1600 which may be used as a non-contact interface for handmotion recognition according to one embodiment. According to variousembodiments, various handheld devices and/or gaming systems may includenon-contact interfaces for hand motion recognition such as thatillustrated in FIG. 16.

In at least one embodiment, the sensor curtain may include a pluralityof emitters (e.g., 1602, 1604, 1606, 1608, 1610, 1612, 1614, 1616, 1618)and sensors (e.g., 1603, 1605, 1607, 1609, 1611, 1613, 1615, 1617,1619). As illustrated in the example of FIG. 16, signals may be emittedfrom one or more emitters, and at least some of the signals may bereceived by one or more receivers. According to specific embodiments,the signals may include infrared, radiowave, ultrasonic, and/or othersignals, including still and/or video images from digital cameras.

According to one embodiment, when an object 1630 is placed within thesensor curtain region, the object 1630 can interrupt signals in theregion. For example, in the example of FIG. 16, object 1630 intersectsthe signal between emitter 1616 and receiver 1617 and also intersectsthe signal between emitter 1604 and receiver 1605. When it is detectedthat receivers 1605 and 1617 have not received a signal emitted byemitters 1604 and 1616, respectively, the coordinates of object 1630 canbe determined from the intersection of the two signals. When the sensorcurtain is deployed in a handheld device and/or gaming system, thehandheld device and/or gaming system may be operable to detect handmotions and/or gestures as input from a player. For example, a playermay use his or her hands, fingers, stylus, playing cards, and/or otherobjects to interrupt signals emitted by the sensor curtain. Thecoordinates of these interrupted signals may be interpreted by thehandheld device and/or gaming system in order to determine the intendedplayer input information. In one embodiment, the coordinates of thesensor curtain may correspond to coordinates on a display screen. As aplayer points in a region proximate to the screen, the projection of hisor her finger can be detected by the sensor curtain and displayed on thescreen. One supplier of such a device is Keyence America (WoodcliffLake, N.J., www.keyence.com)

Although a certain number of emitters and receivers are shown in theexample of FIG. 16, any number of emitters and receivers can be used,depending on how finely the coordinates must be detected for aparticular application. In addition, although the sensor curtain isshown in two dimensions, three-dimensional sensors can also be used.

Further, in at least one alternate embodiment, other types ofnon-contact interfaces for hand motion recognition may be utilized byone or more handheld devices and/or gaming systems. For example, in oneembodiment (not shown), at least two image sensors (e.g., cameras) maybe used to detect various player movements and/or gestures in threedimensions (e.g., one camera for x-y and another camera for y-z). In atleast one embodiment, a plurality of different image sensors (e.g.,cameras) may be positioned to monitor specific regions of space (e.g.,at or proximate to a handheld device, gaming machine and/or game table)for player activities. In at least one embodiment, the captured imagedata from the image sensors/cameras may be analyzed according to variouscriteria (e.g., object recognition, acceleration, velocity,displacement, time period, etc.) in order to determine whether anymeaningful player movements and/or gestures have occurred. According toone embodiment, a meaningful gesture may be identified if thecharacteristics of the detected gesture have been determined to havesatisfied predefined threshold criteria.

In addition to eye motion recognition devices and hand motionrecognition devices, various other non-contact input devices may be usedaccording to various embodiments. For instance, voice recognitiondevices can be used to interpret commands, and the like. Such voicerecognition devices may be configured to accept one or more languages,depending on the application and/or other criteria. Furthermore, thevoice recognition devices may include features such as echocancellation, noise cancellation, or the like, to reduce the amount ofinterference with player input by ambient noises. Also, unidirectionalmicrophones may be used to reduce the amount of ambient noise detected.In another example, an image recognition system can be used to readlips, sign language, or other movements. Yet another example includes avirtual keyboard or switch panel. One example of a virtual keyboard thatcan be used is the Integrated Keyboard Device available from Canesta,Inc. (San Jose, Calif.).

Another example includes a virtual touch screen that can be activatedwhen a player places his or her hands or fingers within a predefinedregion of space (e.g., proximate to a handheld device and/or gamingsystem). In one embodiment, a light curtain may be used to generate thevirtual touch screen. In another example, a virtual touch screen may begenerated using one or more CCD cameras.

In yet other examples, non-contact interface devices may interact withperipheral devices such as, for example, touchpads, personal digitalassistants (PDAs), cellphones, pointers, gloves, and the like.

In at least some embodiments, a haptic interface may be utilized. Forinstance, a glove can be fit over the hand or fingertip of a player andused with items such as bar-code sensors that can emit a complex patternwithin a region (such as, for example, a rotating cone or turret-shapedregion) and/or detect motion of the glove within this region. In anotherexample, a glove having resistive ink bend sensors can be used. Thesensors may be used to relay the position of the glove. In otherembodiments ultrasonic tracking may be used to provide the x-y-zcoordinates of the glove. An example of a glove using resistive ink bendsensors is the Nintendo Power Glove, available from Nintendo Co., Ltd.(Kyoto, Japan).

Various peripheral devices can communicate with the non-contactinterface devices by a wireless, or other remote connection. By usingthese types of input devices, a player can reduce the amount of reachingtowards the handheld device and/or gaming system, which may help toreduce injuries caused, for example, by strain and/or repetitive stress.Additionally, at least a portion of the various embodiments describedherein may reduce the amount of fatigue that players experience duringgame play, thereby increasing the players' enjoyment of the gamingactivities.

Additional details relating to various aspects of gaming technology aredescribed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/871,068, (AttorneyDocket No. IGT1P090), by Parrott, et al, entitled “GAMING MACHINE USERINTERFACE”, filed Jun. 18, 2004, previously incorporated herein byreference for all purposes.

According to specific embodiments, the non-contact interface techniquesdescribed herein may be utilized for different purposes in a variety ofdifferent gaming environments. For example, in one embodiment amotion/gesture recognition non-contact interface may be utilized by acasino operator or employee (such as, for example, a dealer at a gametable) to perform a variety of game play activities such as, forexample: facilitating dealing of cards (e.g., real cards or virtualcards) to players, facilitating collection of discarded cards and/orchips, facilitating payout of winnings/chips, and/or performing othertypes of game play activities in real and/or virtual gamingenvironments. Additionally, in at least some embodiments, amotion/gesture recognition non-contact interface may be utilized by acasino patron (such as, for example, a player at a game table) toperform a variety of game play activities such as, for example:providing game play instructions, facilitating placement of wagers,performing various game play activities (e.g., rolling of dice, spinningof wheels, etc.), etc.

FIG. 18 is a simplified block diagram of an exemplary gaming system 1800in accordance with a specific embodiment. As illustrated in theembodiment of FIG. 18, gaming system 1800 includes at least oneprocessor 1810, at least one interface 1806, and memory 1816.

According to specific embodiments, the gaming system 1800 may beimplemented as one of a variety of gaming devices such as, for example,an intelligent game table, a gaming machine, a gaming station, etc. Inat least one embodiment, the gaming system 1800 may include one or morehandheld devices which may be used by various players at the gamingsystem for conducting game play operations at the gaming system.

In one implementation, processor 1810 and master game controller 1812are included in a logic device 1813 enclosed in a logic device housing.The processor 1810 may include any conventional processor or logicdevice configured to execute software allowing various configuration andreconfiguration tasks such as, for example: a) communicating with aremote source via communication interface 1806, such as a server thatstores authentication information or game information; b) convertingsignals read by an interface to a format corresponding to that used bysoftware or memory in the gaming system; c) accessing memory toconfigure or reconfigure game parameters in the memory according toindicia read from the device; d) communicating with interfaces, variousperipheral devices 1822 and/or I/O devices; e) operating peripheraldevices 1822 such as, for example, card readers, paper ticket readers,etc.; f) operating various I/O devices such as, for example, displays1835, input devices 1830; etc. For instance, the processor 1810 may sendmessages including game play information to the displays 1835 to informplayers of cards dealt, wagering information, and/or other desiredinformation.

The gaming system 1800 also includes memory 1816 which may include, forexample, volatile memory (e.g., RAM 1809), non-volatile memory 1819(e.g., disk memory, FLASH memory, EPROMs, etc.), unalterable memory(e.g., EPROMs 1808), etc. The memory may be configured or designed tostore, for example: 1) configuration software 1814 such as all theparameters and settings for a game playable on the gaming system; 2)associations 1818 between configuration indicia read from a device withone or more parameters and settings; 3) communication protocols allowingthe processor 1810 to communicate with peripheral devices 1822 and I/Odevices 1811; 4) a secondary memory storage device 1815 such as anon-volatile memory device, configured to store gaming software relatedinformation (the gaming software related information and memory may beused to store various audio files and games not currently being used andinvoked in a configuration or reconfiguration); 5) communicationtransport protocols (such as, for example, TCP/IP, USB, Firewire,IEEE1394, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11x (IEEE 802.11 standards), hiperlan/2,HomeRF, etc.) for allowing the gaming system to communicate with localand non-local devices using such protocols; etc. In one implementation,the master game controller 1812 communicates using a serialcommunication protocol. A few examples of serial communication protocolsthat may be used to communicate with the master game controller includebut are not limited to USB, RS-232 and Netplex (a proprietary protocoldeveloped by IGT, Reno, Nev.).

A plurality of device drivers 1842 may be stored in memory 1816. Exampleof different types of device drivers may include device drivers forgaming system components, device drivers for peripheral components 1822,etc. Typically, the device drivers 1842 utilize a communication protocolof some type that enables communication with a particular physicaldevice. The device driver abstracts the hardware implementation of adevice. For example, a device drive may be written for each type of cardreader that may be potentially connected to the gaming system. Examplesof communication protocols used to implement the device drivers includeNetplex, USB, Serial, Ethernet 1875, Firewire, I/0 debouncer, directmemory map, serial, PCI, parallel, RF, Bluetooth™, near-fieldcommunications (e.g., using near-field magnetics), 802.11 (WiFi), etc.Netplex is a proprietary IGT standard while the others are openstandards. According to a specific embodiment, when one type of aparticular device is exchanged for another type of the particulardevice, a new device driver may be loaded from the memory 1816 by theprocessor 1810 to allow communication with the device. For instance, onetype of card reader in gaming system 1800 may be replaced with a secondtype of card reader where device drivers for both card readers arestored in the memory 1816.

In some embodiments, the software units stored in the memory 1816 may beupgraded as needed. For instance, when the memory 1816 is a hard drive,new games, game options, various new parameters, new settings forexisting parameters, new settings for new parameters, device drivers,and new communication protocols may be uploaded to the memory from themaster game controller 1812 or from some other external device. Asanother example, when the memory 1816 includes a CD/DVD drive includinga CD/DVD designed or configured to store game options, parameters, andsettings, the software stored in the memory may be upgraded by replacinga first CD/DVD with a second CD/DVD. In yet another example, when thememory 1816 uses one or more flash memory 1819 or EPROM 1808 unitsdesigned or configured to store games, game options, parameters,settings, the software stored in the flash and/or EPROM memory units maybe upgraded by replacing one or more memory units with new memory unitswhich include the upgraded software. In another embodiment, one or moreof the memory devices, such as the hard-drive, may be employed in a gamesoftware download process from a remote software server.

In some embodiments, the gaming system 1800 may also include variousauthentication and/or validation components 1844 which may be used forauthenticating/validating specified gaming system components and/orinformation such as, for example, hardware components, softwarecomponents, firmware components, peripheral device components, handhelddevice components, information received from one or more handhelddevices, information stored in the gaming system memory 1816, etc.Examples of various authentication and/or validation components aredescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,620,047, entitled, “ELECTRONIC GAMINGAPPARATUS HAVING AUTHENTICATION DATA SETS,” incorporated herein byreference in its entirety for all purposes.

Peripheral devices 1822 may include several device interfaces such as,for example: transponders 1854, wire/wireless power distributioncomponents 1858, input interface(s) 1830 (which, for example, mayinclude contact and/or non-contact interfaces), sensors 1860, audioand/or video devices 1862 (e.g., cameras, speakers, etc.), wirelesscommunication components 1856, handheld device function controlcomponents 1862, motion/gesture analysis and interpretation component(s)1864, etc.

Sensors 1860 may include, for example, optical sensors, pressuresensors, RF sensors, Infrared sensors, image sensors, thermal sensors,biometric sensors, etc. Such sensors may be used for a variety offunctions such as, for example: detecting movements and/or gestures ofvarious objects within a predetermined proximity to the gaming system;detecting the presence and/or identity of various persons (e.g.,players, casino employees, etc.), devices (e.g., handheld devices),and/or systems within a predetermined proximity to the gaming system.

In one implementation, at least a portion of the sensors 1860 and/orinput devices 1830 may be implemented in the form of touch keys selectedfrom a wide variety of commercially available touch keys used to provideelectrical control signals. Alternatively, some of the touch keys may beimplemented in another form which are touch sensors such as thoseprovided by a touchscreen display. For example, in at least oneimplementation, the gaming system player displays and/or handheld devicedisplays may include contact input interfaces and/or non-contact inputinterfaces for allowing players to provide desired information (e.g.,game play instructions and/or other input) to the gaming system and/orother devices in the casino gaming network (such as, for example, playertracking systems, side wagering systems, etc.).

Wireless communication components 1856 may include one or morecommunication interfaces having different architectures and utilizing avariety of protocols such as, for example, 802.11 (WiFi), 802.15(including Bluetooth™), 802.16 (WiMax), 802.22, Cellular standards suchas CDMA, CDMA2000, WCDMA, Radio Frequency (e.g., RFID), Infrared, NearField Magnetic communication protocols, etc. The communication links maytransmit electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals which carrydigital data streams or analog signals representing various types ofinformation.

Power distribution components 1858 may include, for example, componentsor devices which are operable for providing wired or wireless power toother devices. For example, in one implementation, the powerdistribution components 1858 may include a magnetic induction systemwhich is adapted to provide wireless power to one or more handhelddevices near the gaming system. In one implementation, a handheld devicedocking region may be provided which includes a power distributioncomponent that is able to recharge a handheld device without requiringmetal-to-metal contact.

In at least one embodiment, handheld device function control components1862 may be operable to control operating mode selection functionality,features, and/or components associated with one or more handheld devices(e.g., 1850). In at least one embodiment, handheld device functioncontrol components 1862 may be operable to remotely control and/orconfigure components of one or more handheld devices 1850 based onvarious parameters and/or upon detection of specific events orconditions such as, for example: time of day, player activity levels;location of the handheld device; identity of handheld device user; userinput; system override (e.g., emergency condition detected); proximityto other devices belonging to same group or association; proximity tospecific objects, regions, zones, etc. For example, in at least oneembodiment, handheld device function control components 1862 may includeand on/off keying feature whereby the gaming system is able toselectively control (e.g., via remote activation/deactivation) thetransmission of wireless data from one or more handheld devices. Thus,for example, at a game table where handheld devices are being used bymultiple players at the game table to convey their game playinstructions, the game table may be operable to enable a selectedhandheld device (e.g., associated with a specific player) to transmitplayer input data only at times when it is that player's turn to play orprovide input, and may further be operable to prevent the selectedhandheld device from transmitting player input data during other timeswhen it is not that player's turn to play or provide input.

In at least one embodiment, motion/gesture analysis and interpretationcomponent(s) 1864 may be operable to analyze and/or interpretinformation relating to detected player movements and/or gestures inorder, for example, to determine appropriate player input informationrelating to the detected player movements and/or gestures.

In other embodiments (not shown) other peripheral devices include:player tracking devices, card readers, bill validator/paper ticketreaders, etc. Such devices may each comprise resources for handling andprocessing configuration indicia such as a microcontroller that convertsvoltage levels for one or more scanning devices to signals provided toprocessor 1810. In one embodiment, application software for interfacingwith peripheral devices 1822 may store instructions (such as, forexample, how to read indicia from a portable device) in a memory devicesuch as, for example, non-volatile memory, hard drive or a flash memory.

In at least one implementation, the gaming system may include cardreaders such as used with credit cards, or other identification codereading devices to allow or require player identification in connectionwith play of the card game and associated recording of game action. Sucha user identification interface can be implemented in the form of avariety of magnetic card readers commercially available for reading auser-specific identification information. The user-specific informationcan be provided on specially constructed magnetic cards issued by acasino, or magnetically coded credit cards or debit cards frequentlyused with national credit organizations such as VISA™, MASTERCARD™,banks and/or other institutions.

The gaming system may include other types of participant identificationmechanisms which may use a fingerprint image, eye blood vessel imagereader, or other suitable biological information to confirm identity ofthe user. Still further it is possible to provide such participantidentification information by having the dealer manually code in theinformation in response to the player indicating his or her code name orreal name. Such additional identification could also be used to confirmcredit use of a smart card, transponder, and/or player's handhelddevice.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other memory types,including various computer readable media, may be used for storing andexecuting program instructions pertaining to the operation of variousgaming systems described herein. Because such information and programinstructions may be employed to implement the systems/methods describedherein, example embodiments may relate to machine-readable media thatinclude program instructions, state information, etc. for performingvarious operations described herein. Examples of machine-readablestorage media include, but are not limited to, magnetic media such ashard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape; optical media such asCD-ROM disks; magneto-optical media such as floptical disks; andhardware devices that are specially configured to store and performprogram instructions, such as read-only memory devices (ROM) and randomaccess memory (RAM). Example embodiments may also be embodied intransmission media such as a carrier wave traveling over an appropriatemedium such as airwaves, optical lines, electric lines, etc. Examples ofprogram instructions include both machine code, such as produced by acompiler, and files including higher level code that may be executed bythe computer using an interpreter.

According to specific embodiments, at least some embodiments of variousgaming devices, gaming machines, and/or gaming systems described herein(including, for example, various handheld or mobile devices describedherein), may be implemented with special features and/or additionalcircuitry that differentiate such gaming devices, gaming machines,and/or gaming systems from general-purpose computers (e.g., desktop PC'sand laptops). For example, gaming machines are highly regulated toensure fairness and, in many cases, gaming machines are operable todispense monetary awards of multiple millions of dollars. Therefore, tosatisfy security and regulatory requirements in a gaming environment,hardware and software architectures may be implemented in gamingmachines that differ significantly from those of general-purposecomputers. For purposes of illustration, a description of gamingmachines relative to general-purpose computing machines and someexamples of the additional (or different) components and features foundin gaming machines are described below. It is noted that suchdescription may also be applicable for describing differences betweengeneral-purpose computing devices/systems, and gaming devices/systemsdescribed herein.

At first glance, one might think that adapting PC technologies to thegaming industry would be a simple proposition because both PCs andgaming machines employ microprocessors that control a variety ofdevices. However, because of such reasons as 1) the regulatoryrequirements that are placed upon gaming machines, 2) the harshenvironment in which gaming machines operate, 3) security requirementsand 4) fault tolerance requirements, adapting PC technologies to agaming machine can be quite difficult. Further, techniques and methodsfor solving a problem in the PC industry, such as device compatibilityand connectivity issues, might not be adequate in the gamingenvironment. For instance, a fault or a weakness tolerated in a PC, suchas security holes in software or frequent crashes, may not be toleratedin a gaming machine because in a gaming machine these faults can lead toa direct loss of funds from the gaming machine, such as stolen cash orloss of revenue when the gaming machine is not operating properly.

For the purposes of illustration, a few differences between PC systemsand gaming systems will be described. A first difference between gamingmachines and common PC based computers systems is that gaming machinesare designed to be state-based systems. In a state-based system, thesystem stores and maintains its current state in a non-volatile memory,such that, in the event of a power failure or other malfunction thegaming machine will return to its current state when the power isrestored. For instance, if a player was shown an award for a game ofchance and, before the award could be provided to the player the powerfailed, the gaming machine, upon the restoration of power, would returnto the state where the award is indicated. As anyone who has used a PC,knows, PCs are not state machines and a majority of data is usually lostwhen a malfunction occurs. This requirement affects the software andhardware design on a gaming machine.

A second important difference between gaming machines and common PCbased computer systems is that for regulation purposes, the software onthe gaming machine used to generate the game of chance and operate thegaming machine has been designed to be static and monolithic to preventcheating by the operator of gaming machine. For instance, one solutionthat has been employed in the gaming industry to prevent cheating andsatisfy regulatory requirements has been to manufacture a gaming machinethat can use a proprietary processor running instructions to generatethe game of chance from an EPROM or other form of non-volatile memory.The coding instructions on the EPROM are static (non-changeable) andmust be approved by a gaming regulators in a particular jurisdiction andinstalled in the presence of a person representing the gamingjurisdiction. Any changes to any part of the software required togenerate the game of chance, such as adding a new device driver used bythe master gaming controller to operate a device during generation ofthe game of chance can require a new EPROM to be burnt, approved by thegaming jurisdiction and reinstalled on the gaming machine in thepresence of a gaming regulator. Regardless of whether the EPROM solutionis used, to gain approval in most gaming jurisdictions, a gaming machinemust demonstrate sufficient safeguards that prevent an operator orplayer of a gaming machine from manipulating hardware and software in amanner that gives them an unfair and some cases an illegal advantage.The gaming machine should have a means to determine if the code it willexecute is valid. If the code is not valid, the gaming machine must havea means to prevent the code from being executed. The code validationrequirements in the gaming industry affect both hardware and softwaredesigns on gaming machines.

A third important difference between gaming machines and common PC basedcomputer systems is the number and kinds of peripheral devices used on agaming machine are not as great as on PC based computer systems.Traditionally, in the gaming industry, gaming machines have beenrelatively simple in the sense that the number of peripheral devices andthe number of functions the gaming machine has been limited. Further, inoperation, the functionality of gaming machines were relatively constantonce the gaming machine was deployed, i.e., new peripherals devices andnew gaming software were infrequently added to the gaming machine. Thisdiffers from a PC where users will go out and buy different combinationsof devices and software from different manufacturers and connect them toa PC to suit their needs depending on a desired application. Therefore,the types of devices connected to a PC may vary greatly from user touser depending in their individual requirements and may varysignificantly over time.

Although the variety of devices available for a PC may be greater thanon a gaming machine, gaming machines still have unique devicerequirements that differ from a PC, such as device security requirementsnot usually addressed by PCs. For instance, monetary devices, such ascoin dispensers, bill validators and ticket printers and computingdevices that are used to govern the input and output of cash to a gamingmachine have security requirements that are not typically addressed inPCs. Therefore, many PC techniques and methods developed to facilitatedevice connectivity and device compatibility do not address the emphasisplaced on security in the gaming industry.

To address some of the issues described above, a number ofhardware/software components and architectures are utilized in gamingmachines that are not typically found in general purpose computingdevices, such as PCs. These hardware/software components andarchitectures, as described below in more detail, include but are notlimited to watchdog timers, voltage monitoring systems, state-basedsoftware architecture and supporting hardware, specialized communicationinterfaces, security monitoring and trusted memory.

For example, a watchdog timer is normally used in International GameTechnology (IGT) gaming machines to provide a software failure detectionmechanism. In a normally operating system, the operating softwareperiodically accesses control registers in the watchdog timer subsystemto “re-trigger” the watchdog. Should the operating software fail toaccess the control registers within a preset timeframe, the watchdogtimer will timeout and generate a system reset. Typical watchdog timercircuits include a loadable timeout counter register to enable theoperating software to set the timeout interval within a certain range oftime. A differentiating feature of the some preferred circuits is thatthe operating software cannot completely disable the function of thewatchdog timer. In other words, the watchdog timer always functions fromthe time power is applied to the board.

IGT gaming computer platforms preferably use several power supplyvoltages to operate portions of the computer circuitry. These can begenerated in a central power supply or locally on the computer board. Ifany of these voltages falls out of the tolerance limits of the circuitrythey power, unpredictable operation of the computer may result. Thoughmost modern general-purpose computers include voltage monitoringcircuitry, these types of circuits only report voltage status to theoperating software. Out of tolerance voltages can cause softwaremalfunction, creating a potential uncontrolled condition in the gamingcomputer. Gaming machines of the present assignee typically have powersupplies with tighter voltage margins than that required by theoperating circuitry. In addition, the voltage monitoring circuitryimplemented in IGT gaming computers typically has two thresholds ofcontrol. The first threshold generates a software event that can bedetected by the operating software and an error condition generated.This threshold is triggered when a power supply voltage falls out of thetolerance range of the power supply, but is still within the operatingrange of the circuitry. The second threshold is set when a power supplyvoltage falls out of the operating tolerance of the circuitry. In thiscase, the circuitry generates a reset, halting operation of thecomputer.

One standard method of operation for IGT slot machine game software isto use a state machine. Different functions of the game (bet, play,result, points in the graphical presentation, etc.) may be defined as astate. When a game moves from one state to another, critical dataregarding the game software is stored in a custom non-volatile memorysubsystem. This is critical to ensure the player's wager and credits arepreserved and to minimize potential disputes in the event of amalfunction on the gaming machine.

In general, the gaming machine does not advance from a first state to asecond state until critical information that allows the first state tobe reconstructed has been stored. This feature allows the game torecover operation to the current state of play in the event of amalfunction, loss of power, etc that occurred just prior to themalfunction. In at least one embodiment, the gaming machine isconfigured or designed to store such critical information using atomictransactions.

Generally, an atomic operation in computer science refers to a set ofoperations that can be combined so that they appear to the rest of thesystem to be a single operation with only two possible outcomes: successor failure. As related to data storage, an atomic transaction may becharacterized as series of database operations which either all occur,or all do not occur. A guarantee of atomicity prevents updates to thedatabase occurring only partially, which can result in data corruption.

In order to ensure the success of atomic transactions relating tocritical information to be stored in the gaming machine memory before afailure event (e.g., malfunction, loss of power, etc.), it is preferablethat memory be used which includes one or more of the followingcriteria: direct memory access capability; data read/write capabilitywhich meets or exceeds minimum read/write access characteristics (suchas, for example, at least 5.08 Mbytes/sec (Read) and/or at least 38.0Mbytes/sec (Write)). Devices which meet or exceed the above criteria maybe referred to as “fault-tolerant” memory devices, whereas it is whichthe above criteria may be referred to as “fault non-tolerant” memorydevices.

Typically, battery backed RAM devices may be configured or designed tofunction as fault-tolerant devices according to the above criteria,whereas flash RAM and/or disk drive memory are typically notconfigurable to function as fault-tolerant devices according to theabove criteria. Accordingly, battery backed RAM devices are typicallyused to preserve gaming machine critical data, although other types ofnon-volatile memory devices may be employed. These memory devices aretypically not used in typical general-purpose computers.

Thus, in at least one embodiment, the gaming machine is configured ordesigned to store critical information in fault-tolerant memory (e.g.,battery backed RAM devices) using atomic transactions. Further, in atleast one embodiment, the fault-tolerant memory is able to successfullycomplete all desired atomic transactions (e.g., relating to the storageof gaming machine critical information) within a time period of 200milliseconds (ms) or less. In at least one embodiment, the time periodof 200 ms represents a maximum amount of time for which sufficient powermay be available to the various gaming machine components after a poweroutage event has occurred at the gaming machine.

As described previously, the gaming machine may not advance from a firststate to a second state until critical information that allows the firststate to be reconstructed has been atomically stored. This featureallows the game to recover operation to the current state of play in theevent of a malfunction, loss of power, etc that occurred just prior tothe malfunction. After the state of the gaming machine is restoredduring the play of a game of chance, game play may resume and the gamemay be completed in a manner that is no different than if themalfunction had not occurred. Thus, for example, when a malfunctionoccurs during a game of chance, the gaming machine may be restored to astate in the game of chance just prior to when the malfunction occurred.The restored state may include metering information and graphicalinformation that was displayed on the gaming machine in the state priorto the malfunction. For example, when the malfunction occurs during theplay of a card game after the cards have been dealt, the gaming machinemay be restored with the cards that were previously displayed as part ofthe card game. As another example, a bonus game may be triggered duringthe play of a game of chance where a player is required to make a numberof selections on a video display screen. When a malfunction has occurredafter the player has made one or more selections, the gaming machine maybe restored to a state that shows the graphical presentation at the justprior to the malfunction including an indication of selections that havealready been made by the player. In general, the gaming machine may berestored to any state in a plurality of states that occur in the game ofchance that occurs while the game of chance is played or to states thatoccur between the play of a game of chance.

Game history information regarding previous games played such as anamount wagered, the outcome of the game and so forth may also be storedin a non-volatile memory device. The information stored in thenon-volatile memory may be detailed enough to reconstruct a portion ofthe graphical presentation that was previously presented on the gamingmachine and the state of the gaming machine (e.g., credits) at the timethe game of chance was played. The game history information may beutilized in the event of a dispute. For example, a player may decidethat in a previous game of chance that they did not receive credit foran award that they believed they won. The game history information maybe used to reconstruct the state of the gaming machine prior, duringand/or after the disputed game to demonstrate whether the player wascorrect or not in their assertion. Further details of a state basedgaming system, recovery from malfunctions and game history are describedin U.S. Pat. No. 6,804,763, titled “High Performance Battery Backed RAMInterface”, U.S. Pat. No. 6,863,608, titled “Frame Capture of ActualGame Play,” U.S. application Ser. No. 10/243,104, titled, “DynamicNV-RAM,” and U.S. application Ser. No. 10/758,828, titled, “FrameCapture of Actual Game Play,” each of which is incorporated by referenceand for all purposes.

Another feature of gaming machines, such as IGT gaming computers, isthat they often include unique interfaces, including serial interfaces,to connect to specific subsystems internal and external to the gamingmachine. The serial devices may have electrical interface requirementsthat differ from the “standard” EIA serial interfaces provided bygeneral-purpose computers. These interfaces may include, for example,Fiber Optic Serial, optically coupled serial interfaces, current loopstyle serial interfaces, etc. In addition, to conserve serial interfacesinternally in the gaming machine, serial devices may be connected in ashared, daisy-chain fashion where multiple peripheral devices areconnected to a single serial channel.

The serial interfaces may be used to transmit information usingcommunication protocols that are unique to the gaming industry. Forexample, IGT's Netplex is a proprietary communication protocol used forserial communication between gaming devices. As another example, SAS isa communication protocol used to transmit information, such as meteringinformation, from a gaming machine to a remote device. Often SAS is usedin conjunction with a player tracking system.

IGT gaming machines may alternatively be treated as peripheral devicesto a casino communication controller and connected in a shared daisychain fashion to a single serial interface. In both cases, theperipheral devices are preferably assigned device addresses. If so, theserial controller circuitry must implement a method to generate ordetect unique device addresses. General-purpose computer serial portsare not able to do this.

Security monitoring circuits detect intrusion into an IGT gaming machineby monitoring security switches attached to access doors in the gamingmachine cabinet. Preferably, access violations result in suspension ofgame play and can trigger additional security operations to preserve thecurrent state of game play. These circuits also function when power isoff by use of a battery backup. In power-off operation, these circuitscontinue to monitor the access doors of the gaming machine. When poweris restored, the gaming machine can determine whether any securityviolations occurred while power was off, e.g., via software for readingstatus registers. This can trigger event log entries and further dataauthentication operations by the gaming machine software.

Trusted memory devices and/or trusted memory sources are preferablyincluded in an IGT gaming machine computer to ensure the authenticity ofthe software that may be stored on less secure memory subsystems, suchas mass storage devices. Trusted memory devices and controllingcircuitry are typically designed to not enable modification of the codeand data stored in the memory device while the memory device isinstalled in the gaming machine. The code and data stored in thesedevices may include authentication algorithms, random number generators,authentication keys, operating system kernels, etc. The purpose of thesetrusted memory devices is to provide gaming regulatory authorities aroot trusted authority within the computing environment of the gamingmachine that can be tracked and verified as original. This may beaccomplished via removal of the trusted memory device from the gamingmachine computer and verification of the secure memory device contentsis a separate third party verification device. Once the trusted memorydevice is verified as authentic, and based on the approval of theverification algorithms included in the trusted device, the gamingmachine is enabled to verify the authenticity of additional code anddata that may be located in the gaming computer assembly, such as codeand data stored on hard disk drives. A few details related to trustedmemory devices that may be used in at least one embodiment describedherein are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,685,567 from U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 09/925,098, filed Aug. 8, 2001 and titled “ProcessVerification,” which is incorporated herein in its entirety and for allpurposes.

In at least one embodiment, at least a portion of the trusted memorydevices/sources may correspond to memory which cannot easily be altered(e.g., “unalterable memory”) such as, for example, EPROMS, PROMS, Bios,Extended Bios, and/or other memory sources which are able to beconfigured, verified, and/or authenticated (e.g., for authenticity) in asecure and controlled manner.

According to a specific implementation, when a trusted informationsource is in communication with a remote device via a network, theremote device may employ a verification scheme to verify the identity ofthe trusted information source. For example, the trusted informationsource and the remote device may exchange information using public andprivate encryption keys to verify each other's identities. In anotherembodiment of at least one embodiment described herein, the remotedevice and the trusted information source may engage in methods usingzero knowledge proofs to authenticate each of their respectiveidentities.

Gaming devices storing trusted information may utilize apparatus ormethods to detect and prevent tampering. For instance, trustedinformation stored in a trusted memory device may be encrypted toprevent its misuse. In addition, the trusted memory device may besecured behind a locked door. Further, one or more sensors may becoupled to the memory device to detect tampering with the memory deviceand provide some record of the tampering. In yet another example, thememory device storing trusted information might be designed to detecttampering attempts and clear or erase itself when an attempt attampering has been detected.

Additional details relating to trusted memory devices/sources aredescribed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/078,966, entitled“Secured Virtual Network in a Gaming Environment”, naming Nguyen et al.as inventors, filed on Mar. 10, 2005, herein incorporated in itsentirety and for all purposes.

Mass storage devices used in a general purpose computer typically enablecode and data to be read from and written to the mass storage device. Ina gaming machine environment, modification of the gaming code stored ona mass storage device is strictly controlled and would only be enabledunder specific maintenance type events with electronic and physicalenablers required. Though this level of security could be provided bysoftware, IGT gaming computers that include mass storage devicespreferably include hardware level mass storage data protection circuitrythat operates at the circuit level to monitor attempts to modify data onthe mass storage device and will generate both software and hardwareerror triggers should a data modification be attempted without theproper electronic and physical enablers being present. Details using amass storage device that may be used with at least one embodimentdescribed herein are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,149,522,herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

FIGS. 17A and 17B illustrate different example embodiments of receiversystems which may be utilized in one or more gaming systems describedherein.

For example, as illustrated in FIG. 17A, receiver system portion 1700may include an antenna 1701 and receiver 1702 operable for receivingwireless data communications from one or more handheld devices (and/orother wireless devices). According to different embodiments, receiver1702 may be operable to receive wireless data which has been transmittedusing a variety of different wireless communication protocols and/ormodulation schemes (such as those described herein). In one embodiment,output from receiver 1702 may be provided to demodulator/decoder 1704,which may be operable to identify and/or extract various types of datawhich have been embedded or encoded in received wireless communicationsignals. In one embodiment, output from demodulator/decoder 1704 may beprovided, e.g., via communication interface 1706, to a master controller1710 (and/or other processor(s)) of a desired gaming system. In at leastone embodiment, wireless communication with receiver system portion 1700may be achieved using one or more of the following types of protocolsand/or modulation schemes (and/or combinations thereof): CDMA, TDMA,FDMA, frequency modulation, amplitude modulation, baseband modulation,etc. As illustrated in FIG. 17B, receiver system portion 1750 mayinclude one or more antennas 1751 a-n and one or more receivers 1752 a-noperable for receiving wireless data communications from one or morehandheld devices (and/or other wireless devices). According to differentembodiments, receivers 1752 a-n may be operable to receive wireless datawhich has been transmitted using a variety of different wirelesscommunication protocols and/or modulation schemes (such as thosedescribed herein). Additionally, the use of multiple receivers allowsfor simultaneous reception of multiple different wireless communicationsignals (e.g., sent from different handheld devices).

In one embodiment, output from receivers 1752 a-n may be provided todemodulator/decoders 1754 a-n, which may be operable to identify and/orextract various types of data which have been embedded or encoded inreceived wireless communication signals. In one embodiment, output fromdemodulator/decoder 1754 a-n may be provided, e.g., via communicationinterface 1756, to a master controller 1760 (and/or other processor(s))of a desired gaming system. In at least one embodiment, wirelesscommunication with receiver system portion 1750 may be achieved usingone or more of the following types of protocols and/or modulationschemes (and/or combinations thereof): CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, frequencymodulation, amplitude modulation, baseband modulation, etc.

It will be appreciated that the various components features andcapabilities of the different handheld device embodiments describedherein may also be incorporated into different gaming system embodimentsin order to provide such gaming system and embodiments with similarfeatures and/or capabilities.

Additionally, it will be appreciated that the various embodiments of thehandheld devices, gaming systems, non-contact interfaces, and/ormotion/gesture interpretation techniques described herein may beutilized in a variety of different gaming environments, and may beoperable to provide a variety of benefits and/or advantages.

For example, in at least one embodiment, the handheld device may enablea players (or other user) to intuitively scroll and navigate menus ofhandheld devices by simply tilting the device in one or more directions.For example, in one embodiment, a player may use the handheld device toeasily navigate and access game information such as, for example, gamemenus, game set-up options, paytables, help menus, casino amenities(such as, for example, concierge, hotel and/or restaurant services,etc.), etc. For example, in one embodiment when a player views a gametheme menu on the handheld device display, instructions may be displayedto the user to move the handheld device in different directions in orderto access different features/information. For example, in oneembodiment, instructions at the handheld device may direct the user totilt the handheld device to the left to view each game's paytable, tiltthe handheld device to the right to view game set-up options, tilt thehandheld device down to access the casino's hospitality menu to orderfood or beverages, etc.

Another advantage of various handheld device embodiments describedherein is that it may allow players to intuitively navigate within agame environment by moving their handheld device. For example, in oneembodiment, a bonus round, for instance, may be designed so that aplayer navigates (along a three dimensional path) by tilting theirdevice in various directions to view bonus choices.

At least some embodiments described herein may be especiallyadvantageous for use in Server Based System environments. Additionally,various embodiments described herein may be used to resolve thesearch-frustration associated with conventional menu display techniqueswhich involve drilling down through multiple pages or layers ofinformation rich environments.

Another advantage is that various embodiments may be utilized toeliminate the costs, complexities and operability lifetime issuesassociated with conventional input mechanisms such as, for examplebuttons, keypads, styluses, thumb mice, jog wheels and/or similarnavigational hardware.

Other advantages relate to improved security and improved playertracking session data acquisition. For example, conventional techniquesfor receiving and/or verifying player game play instructions at gametables often rely upon a human (e.g., dealer, croupier, casino employee,etc.) to interpret the movements or gestures of a player. Such humaninterpretation is subjective in nature, and introduces security issuesas well as auditing issues. For example, a player and a dealer mayconspire to cheat at a game table by allowing the dealer to subjectivelyinterpret the player's game play gestures in a manner which results inincreased winnings to that player. Such cheating techniques aredifficult to detect and track using conventional surveillancemechanisms. Moreover, conventional casino surveillance mechanismstypically do not have the capability of automatically determining playerinstructions based upon the detection and interpretation of playermovements/gestures. Rather, most conventional casino surveillancemechanisms involve the use of multiple video surveillance cameras whichcapture and store video feeds of selected activities occurringthroughout the casino. Typically, in order to perform an audit of gamingactivities occurring at a particular gaming station, a human operator isrequired to access, playback, and visually observe the captured videofeeds relating to the event(s) to be audited. Accordingly, it will beappreciated that such conventional casino surveillance techniquestypically require relatively large amounts of human resources.Additionally, because there is no automated process of detecting andindexing player movements/gestures for subsequent analysis, the task oflocating, accessing and viewing a desired video feed (e.g., which showsa player's movements during a specific gaming activity) may also consumea great deal of resources which, for example, may involve a humanvisually scanning through minutes or hours of recorded video feeds inorder to identify the desired video feed portion(s) of interest.

However, various embodiments described herein may be utilized toovercome of many of the problems and disadvantages associated withconventional casino surveillance, security and/or auditing techniques.For example, in at least one embodiment, a player's movements and/orgestures may automatically be detected and recorded. In someembodiments, a handheld device may be operable to detect and recordmeaningful gestures and/or other movements performed by a player (e.g.,who is using the handheld device). In other embodiments, a gaming systemmay be operable to detect and record meaningful gestures and/or othermovements performed by a player.

In at least one embodiment, the recorded player movement/gestureinformation may be stored in a database along with other information(e.g., contemporaneous information such as, for example, timestampinformation, player location information, game state information, etc.)which may be used, for example, to facilitate subsequent access,retrieval and/or analysis of the player movement/gesture information.

For example, according to one embodiment, a handheld device may beoperable to store the player movement/gesture information at a local“player activity” database. In one embodiment, information from the“player activity” database may be periodically downloaded (e.g., via amanual process and/or an automated process) from the handheld device toa remote system such as, for example, a casino game play surveillancesystem. In another embodiment, a gaming system (e.g., 1404) may beoperable to receive the player movement/gesture information from thehandheld device and forward (e.g., via a manual process and/or anautomated process) at least a portion of the player movement/gestureinformation to a remote system such as, for example, a casino game playsurveillance system.

Additionally, in at least one embodiment, player instruction information(which, for example, has been generated based upon a player's detectedmovements and/or gestures) may automatically be determined and recorded.For example, in one embodiment, the handheld device may be operable todetermine a player's instructions (e.g., game play instructions, wagerinstructions, etc) based on gestures and/or other movements performed bya player using a handheld device. In at least one embodiment, the playerinstruction information may be stored in a database along with otherinformation (e.g., contemporaneous information such as, for example,timestamp information, player location information, game stateinformation, etc.) which may be used, for example, to facilitatesubsequent access, retrieval and/or analysis of the playermovement/gesture information.

For example, according to one embodiment, a handheld device may beoperable to store a player's game play instruction information (and/orother desired information) at a local “player instruction” database. Inone embodiment, information from the “player instruction” database maybe periodically downloaded (e.g., via a manual process and/or anautomated process) from the handheld device to a remote system such as,for example, a casino game play surveillance system. In anotherembodiment, a gaming system (e.g., 1404) may be operable to receive theplayer's game play instruction information from the handheld device andforward (e.g., via a manual process and/or an automated process) atleast a portion of the player's game play instruction information to aremote system such as, for example, a casino game play surveillancesystem for storage and analysis (if desired).

Additionally, because the player's movements, gestures, and/orinstructions may be automatically detected and interpreted, suchinformation may be automatically indexed and stored in a manner whichallows such information to be easily accessed and/or retrieved usingvarious types of automated database queries,

Further, it will be appreciated that various techniques described hereinenable automatic and substantially objective detection and/orinterpretation of a player's movements, gestures, and/or instructions.Such features may result in increased security and/or increased fraudprevention. For example, in at least one embodiment, advancement of thegame state at a gaming system may be based on a player's instructionswhich has been provided via a handheld device (as described in variousembodiments herein) based upon an objective interpretation of theplayer's movements/gestures. Such a feature helps to reduce theoccurrence of cheating or fraud at the gaming system. For example, byproviding a mechanism for objectively interpreting a player'smovements/gestures/instructions, one may eliminate the use of a dealerto subjectively interpret the player's game play gestures in a mannerwhich results in increased winnings to that player, thereby reducing oreliminating cheating which may occur as a result of a player and adealer conspiring together.

Another advantage of the techniques described herein relates toincreased accuracy in table game state tracking, and/or player sessiontracking. For example, in at least some embodiments where advancement ofthe game state at a game table be based on player instructions providedvia each player's handheld device, the current game state at the gametable may be automatically determined and tracked. Additionally, in suchembodiments, game play and wager activities relating to each player atthe game table may be automatically determined and tracked. Further,using at least some of the techniques described herein, game outcomesand/or individual player outcomes may be automatically determined andtracked. In addition, payment of wins and/or collection of losses may bemore accurately and automatically determined and tracked.

Another advantage of the various techniques described herein is that ithelps to reduce the various activities and/or tasks typically requiredto be performed by dealers and/or other game table operators. As aresult, the skill sets typically required by the casino of their dealersand/or other game table operators may be reduced. Additionally, byautomating various activities at the game table, dealers and/or othercasino operators are able to focus their attention on other matters,such as, for example, increased player interaction. Further, anotheradvantage of automating various activities at game tables is that itallows for more games to be played for a given time period, therebyresulting in increased revenue for the casino.

Another advantage of the techniques described herein relates to theability to retain the “look and feel” of traditional game playactivities. For example, in embodiments where the handheld device isimplemented as a wearable device (such as, for example, a wrist watch, abracelet, a ring, and/or other items which may be worn on a player'shand, wrist or arm), various automated mechanisms described herein(e.g., player movement/gesture detection mechanisms, player instructioninterpretation mechanisms, etc.) may be implemented in a manner which istransparent to the player, thereby allowing game play to closelyresemble that of conventional or traditional game play.

Another advantage of the techniques described herein relates to theability to automatically and dynamically adapt to changing conditions ata given gaming system. For example, in at least some embodiments thehandheld device is able to dynamically change its State of operationbased upon a currently active game type being played at the gamingsystem. As a result, the gaming system is not limited by the constraintsof the handheld device, and may dynamically change its currently activegame type from one game type to another, as desired.

Other System Embodiments

FIG. 15 shows a block diagram illustrating components of a gaming system1500 which may be used for implementing various aspects of exampleembodiments. In FIG. 15, the components of a gaming system 1500 forproviding game software licensing and downloads are describedfunctionally. The described functions may be instantiated in hardware,firmware and/or software and executed on a suitable device. In thesystem 1500, there may be many instances of the same function, such asmultiple game play interfaces 1511. Nevertheless, in FIG. 15, only oneinstance of each function is shown. The functions of the components maybe combined. For example, a single device may comprise the game playinterface 1511 and include trusted memory devices or sources 1509.

The gaming system 1500 may receive inputs from different groups/entitiesand output various services and or information to these groups/entities.For example, game players 1525 primarily input cash or indicia of creditinto the system, make game selections that trigger software downloads,and receive entertainment in exchange for their inputs. Game softwarecontent providers provide game software for the system and may receivecompensation for the content they provide based on licensing agreementswith the gaming machine operators. Gaming machine operators select gamesoftware for distribution, distribute the game software on the gamingdevices in the system 1500, receive revenue for the use of theirsoftware and compensate the gaming machine operators. The gamingregulators 1530 may provide rules and regulations that must be appliedto the gaming system and may receive reports and other informationconfirming that rules are being obeyed.

In the following paragraphs, details of each component and some of theinteractions between the components are described with respect to FIG.15. The game software license host 1501 may be a server connected to anumber of remote gaming devices that provides licensing services to theremote gaming devices. For example, in other embodiments, the licensehost 1501 may 1) receive token requests for tokens used to activatesoftware executed on the remote gaming devices, 2) send tokens to theremote gaming devices, 3) track token usage and 4) grant and/or renewsoftware licenses for software executed on the remote gaming devices.The token usage may be used in utility based licensing schemes, such asa pay-per-use scheme.

In another embodiment, a game usage-tracking host 1514 may track theusage of game software on a plurality of devices in communication withthe host. The game usage-tracking host 1514 may be in communication witha plurality of game play hosts and gaming machines. From the game playhosts and gaming machines, the game usage tracking host 1514 may receiveupdates of an amount that each game available for play on the deviceshas been played and on amount that has been wagered per game. Thisinformation may be stored in a database and used for billing accordingto methods described in a utility based licensing agreement.

The game software host 1502 may provide game software downloads, such asdownloads of game software or game firmware, to various devious in thegame system 1500. For example, when the software to generate the game isnot available on the game play interface 1511, the game software host1502 may download software to generate a selected game of chance playedon the game play interface. Further, the game software host 1502 maydownload new game content to a plurality of gaming machines via arequest from a gaming machine operator.

In one embodiment, the game software host 1502 may also be a gamesoftware configuration-tracking host 1513. The function of the gamesoftware configuration-tracking host is to keep records of softwareconfigurations and/or hardware configurations for a plurality of devicesin communication with the host (e.g., denominations, number of paylines,paytables, max/min bets). Details of a game software host and a gamesoftware configuration host that may be used with example embodimentsare described in co-pending U.S. Pat. No. 6,645,077, by Rowe, entitled,“Gaming Terminal Data Repository and Information System,” filed Dec. 21,2000, which is incorporated herein in its entirety and for all purposes.

A game play host device 1503 may be a host server connected to aplurality of remote clients that generates games of chance that aredisplayed on a plurality of remote game play interfaces 1511. Forexample, the game play host device 1503 may be a server that providescentral determination for a bingo game play played on a plurality ofconnected game play interfaces 1511. As another example, the game playhost device 1503 may generate games of chance, such as slot games orvideo card games, for display on a remote client. A game player usingthe remote client may be able to select from a number of games that areprovided on the client by the host device 1503. The game play hostdevice 1503 may receive game software management services, such asreceiving downloads of new game software, from the game software host1502 and may receive game software licensing services, such as thegranting or renewing of software licenses for software executed on thedevice 1503, from the game license host 1501.

In particular embodiments, the game play interfaces or other gamingdevices in the gaming system 1500 may be portable devices, such aselectronic tokens, cell phones, smart cards, tablet PC's and PDA's. Theportable devices may support wireless communications and thus, may bereferred to as wireless mobile devices. The network hardwarearchitecture 1516 may be enabled to support communications betweenwireless mobile devices and other gaming devices in gaming system. Inone embodiment, the wireless mobile devices may be used to play games ofchance.

The gaming system 1500 may use a number of trusted information sources.Trusted information sources 1504 may be devices, such as servers, thatprovide information used to authenticate/activate other pieces ofinformation. CRC values used to authenticate software, license tokensused to allow the use of software or product activation codes used toactivate to software are examples of trusted information that might beprovided from a trusted information source 1504. Trusted informationsources may be a memory device, such as an EPROM, that includes trustedinformation used to authenticate other information. For example, a gameplay interface 1511 may store a private encryption key in a trustedmemory device that is used in a private key-public key encryption schemeto authenticate information from another gaming device.

When a trusted information source 1504 is in communication with a remotedevice via a network, the remote device will employ a verificationscheme to verify the identity of the trusted information source. Forexample, the trusted information source and the remote device mayexchange information using public and private encryption keys to verifyeach other's identities. In another example of an embodiment, the remotedevice and the trusted information source may engage in methods usingzero knowledge proofs to authenticate each of their respectiveidentities. Details of zero knowledge proofs that may be used withexample embodiments are described in US publication no. 2003/0203756, byJackson, filed on Apr. 25, 2002 and entitled, “Authentication in aSecure Computerized Gaming System, which is incorporated herein in itsentirety and for all purposes.

Gaming devices storing trusted information might utilize apparatus ormethods to detect and prevent tampering. For instance, trustedinformation stored in a trusted memory device may be encrypted toprevent its misuse. In addition, the trusted memory device may besecured behind a locked door. Further, one or more sensors may becoupled to the memory device to detect tampering with the memory deviceand provide some record of the tampering. In yet another example, thememory device storing trusted information might be designed to detecttampering attempts and clear or erase itself when an attempt attampering has been detected.

The gaming system 1500 of example embodiments may include devices 1506that provide authorization to download software from a first device to asecond device and devices 1507 that provide activation codes orinformation that allow downloaded software to be activated. The devices,1506 and 1507, may be remote servers and may also be trusted informationsources. One example of a method of providing product activation codesthat may be used with example embodiments is describes in previouslyincorporated U.S. Pat. No. 6,264,561.

A device 1506 that monitors a plurality of gaming devices to determineadherence of the devices to gaming jurisdictional rules 1508 may beincluded in the system 1500. In one embodiment, a gaming jurisdictionalrule server may scan software and the configurations of the software ona number of gaming devices in communication with the gaming rule serverto determine whether the software on the gaming devices is valid for usein the gaming jurisdiction where the gaming device is located. Forexample, the gaming rule server may request a digital signature, such asCRC's, of particular software components and compare them with anapproved digital signature value stored on the gaming jurisdictionalrule server.

Further, the gaming jurisdictional rule server may scan the remotegaming device to determine whether the software is configured in amanner that is acceptable to the gaming jurisdiction where the gamingdevice is located. For example, a maximum bet limit may vary fromjurisdiction to jurisdiction and the rule enforcement server may scan agaming device to determine its current software configuration and itslocation and then compare the configuration on the gaming device withapproved parameters for its location.

A gaming jurisdiction may include rules that describe how game softwaremay be downloaded and licensed. The gaming jurisdictional rule servermay scan download transaction records and licensing records on a gamingdevice to determine whether the download and licensing was carried outin a manner that is acceptable to the gaming jurisdiction in which thegaming device is located. In general, the game jurisdictional ruleserver may be utilized to confirm compliance to any gaming rules passedby a gaming jurisdiction when the information needed to determine rulecompliance is remotely accessible to the server.

Game software, firmware or hardware residing a particular gaming devicemay also be used to check for compliance with local gamingjurisdictional rules. In one embodiment, when a gaming device isinstalled in a particular gaming jurisdiction, a software programincluding jurisdiction rule information may be downloaded to a securememory location on a gaming machine or the jurisdiction rule informationmay be downloaded as data and utilized by a program on the gamingmachine. The software program and/or jurisdiction rule information mayused to check the gaming device software and software configurations forcompliance with local gaming jurisdictional rules. In anotherembodiment, the software program for ensuring compliance andjurisdictional information may be installed in the gaming machine priorto its shipping, such as at the factory where the gaming machine ismanufactured.

The gaming devices in game system 1500 may utilize trusted softwareand/or trusted firmware. Trusted firmware/software is trusted in thesense that is used with the assumption that it has not been tamperedwith. For instance, trusted software/firmware may be used toauthenticate other game software or processes executing on a gamingdevice. As an example, trusted encryption programs and authenticationprograms may be stored on an EPROM on the gaming machine or encoded intoa specialized encryption chip. As another example, trusted gamesoftware, i.e., game software approved for use on gaming devices by alocal gaming jurisdiction may be required on gaming devices on thegaming machine.

In example embodiments, the devices may be connected by a network 1516with different types of hardware using different hardware architectures.Game software can be quite large and frequent downloads can place asignificant burden on a network, which may slow information transferspeeds on the network. For game-on-demand services that require frequentdownloads of game software in a network, efficient downloading isessential for the service to viable. Thus, in example embodiments,network efficient devices 1510 may be used to actively monitor andmaintain network efficiency. For instance, software locators may be usedto locate nearby locations of game software for peer-to-peer transfersof game software. In another example, network traffic may be monitoredand downloads may be actively rerouted to maintain network efficiency.

One or more devices in example embodiments may provide game software andgame licensing related auditing, billing and reconciliation reports toserver 1512. For example, a software licensing billing server maygenerate a bill for a gaming device operator based upon a usage of gamesover a time period on the gaming devices owned by the operator. Inanother example, a software auditing server may provide reports on gamesoftware downloads to various gaming devices in the gaming system 1500and current configurations of the game software on these gaming devices.

At particular time intervals, the software auditing server 1512 may alsorequest software configurations from a number of gaming devices in thegaming system. The server may then reconcile the software configurationon each gaming device. In one embodiment, the software auditing server1512 may store a record of software configurations on each gaming deviceat particular times and a record of software download transactions thathave occurred on the device. By applying each of the recorded gamesoftware download transactions since a selected time to the softwareconfiguration recorded at the selected time, a software configuration isobtained. The software auditing server may compare the softwareconfiguration derived from applying these transactions on a gamingdevice with a current software configuration obtained from the gamingdevice. After the comparison, the software-auditing server may generatea reconciliation report that confirms that the download transactionrecords are consistent with the current software configuration on thedevice. The report may also identify any inconsistencies. In anotherembodiment, both the gaming device and the software auditing server maystore a record of the download transactions that have occurred on thegaming device and the software auditing server may reconcile theserecords.

There are many possible interactions between the components describedwith respect to FIG. 15. Many of the interactions are coupled. Forexample, methods used for game licensing may affect methods used forgame downloading and vice versa. For the purposes of explanation,details of a few possible interactions between the components of thesystem 1500 relating to software licensing and software downloads havebeen described. The descriptions are selected to illustrate particularinteractions in the game system 1500. These descriptions are providedfor the purposes of explanation only and are not intended to limit thescope of example embodiments described herein.

Techniques and mechanisms of the present invention will sometimes bedescribed in singular form for clarity. However, it should be noted thatparticular embodiments include multiple iterations of a technique ormultiple instantiations of a mechanism unless noted otherwise.

Additional details relating to various aspects of gaming technology aredescribed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, (Attorney DocketNo. IGT1P090X1/P-795CIP1), by Mattice, et al., entitled “GESTURECONTROLLED CASINO GAMING SYSTEM,” filed concurrently herewith, theentirety of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

Although several preferred embodiments of this invention have beendescribed in detail herein with reference to the accompanying drawings,it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to theseprecise embodiments, and that various changes and modifications may beeffected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from thescope of spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

1. A gaming system in a casino gaming network, comprising: a gamingcontroller; memory; at least one interface for communicating with atleast one other device in the gaming network; a first gesture inputinterface device operable to detect movements gestures associated withone or more persons; a first gesture interpretation component operableto identify selected movements or gestures detected by the first gestureinput interface device, and operable to generate gesture interpretationinformation relating to interpretation of the selected movements orgestures; the gaming system being operable to: automatically detect afirst gesture by a first player participating in a first game session atthe gaming system; interpret the first gesture with respect to a firstset of criteria; generate gesture interpretation information relating tothe interpretation of the first gesture; and advance a state of thefirst game session using at least a portion of the gestureinterpretation information.
 2. The gaming system of claim 1 wherein thegesture interpretation information includes a first portion ofinformation selected from a group consisting of: game play instructions,wager instructions, command instructions for initiating execution of oneor more commands, and function instructions for initiating execution ofone or more functions.
 3. The gaming system of claim 1 wherein the firstset of criteria includes a first portion of criteria selected from agroup consisting of: criteria relating to one or more characteristics ofthe first gesture, game state criteria, location criteria; playerprofile criteria; player tracking criteria; player account criteria;gaming system status criteria; and game rule criteria.
 4. The gamingsystem of claim 1 being further operable to: associate the first gesturewith at least one first game play instruction relating to the first gamesession; and advance the state of the first game session in accordancewith the at least one first game play instructions.
 5. The gaming systemof claim 1: wherein the gaming system is further operable to associatethe first gesture with at least one first game play instruction relatingto the first game session; wherein the gesture interpretationinformation includes information relating to the at least one first gameplay instruction relating to the first game session; and wherein thegaming system is further operable to store at least a portion of thegesture interpretation information, including the information relatingto the at least one first game play instruction, at a first datastructure.
 6. The gaming system of claim 1 being further operable to:associate the first gesture with at least one first game playinstruction relating to the first game session; and store informationrelating to the at least one first game play instruction at a first datastructure.
 7. The gaming system of claim 1 being further operable to:associate the first gesture with at least one first game playinstruction relating to the first game session; create first playerinput-game state association which associates the at least one firstgame play instruction with the advance of the state of the first gamesession; and store, in at least one data structure, information relatingto the at least one first game play instruction, information relating tothe advance of the state of the first game session, and informationrelating to the first player input-game state association.
 8. The gamingsystem of claim 1 being further operable to: determine an identity ofthe first player using information relating to detected movements orgestures associated with the first player.
 9. The gaming system of claim1 being further operable to: verify an identity of the first playerusing information relating to detected movements or gestures associatedwith the first player.
 10. The gaming system of claim 1 being furtheroperable to: generate a first player movement profile information usinginformation relating to detected movements or gestures associated withthe first player; compare the detected first gesture by the first playerto the first player movement profile information; and modify access toat least one game play feature at the gaming system in response to thecomparison of the detected first gesture by the first player to thefirst player movement profile information.
 11. The gaming system ofclaim 1 being further operable to: determine a current state of thefirst game session at the gaming system; and interpret the first gesturebased at least in part upon the current state of the first game sessionat the gaming system.
 12. The gaming system of claim 1 being furtheroperable to: determine an active game type of the first game session atthe gaming system; and interpret the first gesture based at least inpart upon the active game type of the first game session at the gamingsystem.
 13. The gaming system of claim 1 being further operable to:determine an active game theme of the first game session at the gamingsystem; and interpret the first gesture based at least in part upon theactive game theme of the first game session at the gaming system. 14.The gaming system of claim 1 being further operable to: determine atleast one rule associated with game play activity relating to the firstgame session; and interpret the first gesture based at least in partupon the at least one rule.
 15. The gaming system of claim 1 beingfurther operable to: associate the first gesture with a first game playinstruction relating to the first game session; and wherein the gestureinterpretation information includes the first game play instruction. 16.The gaming system of claim 1 being further operable to: recordinformation describing to the first gesture as part of a game historyrelating to the first game session.
 17. The gaming system of claim 1being further operable to: record at least a portion of the gestureinterpretation information as part of a game history relating to thefirst game session.
 18. The gaming system of claim 1 wherein the firstgesture includes a first movement of the first player.
 19. The gamingsystem of claim 1 wherein the first gesture includes a first sequence ofmovements of the first player.
 20. The gaming system of claim 1 furthercomprising: a first mobile, handheld device in communication with thegaming controller; the first handheld device including the first gestureinput interface device, and further operable to detect the firstgesture.
 21. The gaming system of claim 1 further comprising: a firstmobile, handheld device in communication with the gaming controller; thefirst handheld device including the first gesture interpretationcomponent, and being operable to interpret the first gesture withrespect to a first set of criteria.
 22. The gaming system of claim 1further comprising a first game table which includes the first gestureinput interface device.
 23. The gaming system of claim 1 furthercomprising a first gaming machine which includes the first gesture inputinterface device.
 24. The gaming system of claim 1, wherein the gamingsystem is configured or designed as a hand held, mobile computingdevice.
 25. A method for controlling a wager-based game played at agaming system, the method comprising: automatically detecting a firstgesture by a first player participating in a first game session at thegaming system; interpreting the first gesture with respect to a firstset of criteria; generating gesture interpretation information relatingto the interpretation of the first gesture; and advancing a state of thefirst game session using at least a portion of the gestureinterpretation information.
 26. The method of claim 25 wherein thegesture interpretation information includes a first portion ofinformation selected from a group consisting of: game play instructions,wager instructions, command instructions for initiating execution of oneor more commands, and function instructions for initiating execution ofone or more functions.
 27. The method of claim 25 further comprising:associating the first gesture with at least one first game playinstruction relating to the first game session; and advancing the stateof the first game session in accordance with the at least one first gameplay instructions.
 28. The method of claim 25: wherein the gaming systemis further operable to associate the first gesture with at least onefirst game play instruction relating to the first game session; whereinthe gesture interpretation information includes information relating tothe at least one first game play instruction relating to the first gamesession; and wherein the gaming system is further operable to store atleast a portion of the gesture interpretation information, including theinformation relating to the at least one first game play instruction, ata first data structure.
 29. The method of claim 25 further comprising:associating the first gesture with at least one first game playinstruction relating to the first game session; and storing informationrelating to the at least one first game play instruction at a first datastructure.
 30. The method of claim 25 further comprising: associatingthe first gesture with at least one first game play instruction relatingto the first game session; creating first player input-game stateassociation which associates the at least one first game playinstruction with the advance of the state of the first game session; andstoring, in at least one data structure, information relating to the atleast one first game play instruction, information relating to theadvance of the state of the first game session, and information relatingto the first player input-game state association.
 31. The method ofclaim 25 further comprising: determining an identity of the first playerusing information relating to detected movements or gestures associatedwith the first player.
 32. The method of claim 25 further comprising:verifying an identity of the first player using information relating todetected movements or gestures associated with the first player.
 33. Themethod of claim 25 further comprising: generating a first playermovement profile information using information relating to detectedmovements or gestures associated with the first player; comparing thedetected first gesture by the first player to the first player movementprofile information; and modifying access to at least one game playfeature at the gaming system in response to the comparison of thedetected first gesture by the first player to the first player movementprofile information.
 34. The method of claim 25 further comprising:determining a current state of the first game session at the gamingsystem; and interpreting the first gesture based at least in part uponthe current state of the first game session at the gaming system. 35.The method of claim 25 further comprising: determining an active gametype of the first game session at the gaming system; and interpretingthe first gesture based at least in part upon the active game type ofthe first game session at the gaming system.
 36. The method of claim 25further comprising: determining an active game theme of the first gamesession at the gaming system; and interpreting the first gesture basedat least in part upon the active game theme of the first game session atthe gaming system.
 37. The method of claim 25 further comprising:determining at least one rule associated with game play activityrelating to the first game session; and interpreting the first gesturebased at least in part upon the at least one rule.
 38. The method ofclaim 25 further comprising: associating the first gesture with a firstgame play instruction relating to the first game session; including thefirst game play instruction in the gesture interpretation information.39. The method of claim 25 further comprising: recording informationdescribing to the first gesture as part of a game history relating tothe first game session.
 40. The method of claim 25 further comprising:recording at least a portion of the gesture interpretation informationas part of a game history relating to the first game session.
 41. Themethod of claim 25 wherein the first gesture includes a first movementof the first player.
 42. The method of claim 25 wherein the firstgesture includes a first sequence of movements of the first player. 43.A system for controlling a wager-based game played at a gaming system,the system comprising: means for controlling a wager-based game playedat the gaming system means for automatically detecting a first gestureby a first player participating in a first game session at the gamingsystem; means for interpreting the first gesture with respect to a firstset of criteria; means for generating gesture interpretation informationrelating to the interpretation of the first gesture; means for advancinga state of the first game session using at least a portion of thegesture interpretation information; means for associating the firstgesture with at least one first game play instruction relating to thefirst game session; and means for storing information relating to the atleast one first game play instruction at a first data structure.
 44. Amobile hand held device for use in a casino gaming network, comprising:a gaming controller; memory; at least one interface for communicatingwith at least one other device in the gaming network; a first gestureinput interface device operable to detect movements gestures associatedwith one or more persons; a first gesture interpretation componentoperable to identify selected movements or gestures detected by thefirst gesture input interface device, and operable to generate gestureinterpretation information relating to interpretation of the selectedmovements or gestures; the hand held device being operable to:automatically detect a first gesture by a first player participating ina first game session at the hand held device; interpret the firstgesture with respect to a first set of criteria; generate gestureinterpretation information relating to the interpretation of the firstgesture; and advance a state of the first game session using at least aportion of the gesture interpretation information.
 45. The hand helddevice of claim 44 wherein the gesture interpretation informationincludes a first portion of information selected from a group consistingof: game play instructions, wager instructions, command instructions forinitiating execution of one or more commands, and function instructionsfor initiating execution of one or more functions.
 46. The hand helddevice of claim 44 wherein the first set of criteria includes a firstportion of criteria selected from a group consisting of: criteriarelating to one or more characteristics of the first gesture, game statecriteria, location criteria; player profile criteria; player trackingcriteria; player account criteria; hand held device status criteria; andgame rule criteria.
 47. The hand held device of claim 44 being furtheroperable to: associate the first gesture with at least one first gameplay instruction relating to the first game session; and advance thestate of the first game session in accordance with the at least onefirst game play instructions.
 48. The hand held device of claim 44:wherein the hand held device is further operable to associate the firstgesture with at least one first game play instruction relating to thefirst game session; wherein the gesture interpretation informationincludes information relating to the at least one first game playinstruction relating to the first game session; and wherein the handheld device is further operable to store at least a portion of thegesture interpretation information, including the information relatingto the at least one first game play instruction, at a first datastructure.
 49. The hand held device of claim 44 being further operableto: associate the first gesture with at least one first game playinstruction relating to the first game session; and store informationrelating to the at least one first game play instruction at a first datastructure.
 50. The hand held device of claim 44 being further operableto: associate the first gesture with at least one first game playinstruction relating to the first game session; create first playerinput-game state association which associates the at least one firstgame play instruction with the advance of the state of the first gamesession; and store, in at least one data structure, information relatingto the at least one first game play instruction, information relating tothe advance of the state of the first game session, and informationrelating to the first player input-game state association.
 51. The handheld device of claim 44 being further operable to: determine an identityof the first player using information relating to detected movements orgestures associated with the first player.
 52. The hand held device ofclaim 44 being further operable to: verify an identity of the firstplayer using information relating to detected movements or gesturesassociated with the first player.
 53. The hand held device of claim 44being further operable to: generate a first player movement profileinformation using information relating to detected movements or gesturesassociated with the first player; compare the detected first gesture bythe first player to the first player movement profile information; andmodify access to at least one game play feature at the hand held devicein response to the comparison of the detected first gesture by the firstplayer to the first player movement profile information.
 54. The handheld device of claim 44 being further operable to: determine a currentstate of the first game session at the hand held device; and interpretthe first gesture based at least in part upon the current state of thefirst game session at the hand held device.
 55. The hand held device ofclaim 44 being further operable to: determine an active game type of thefirst game session at the hand held device; and interpret the firstgesture based at least in part upon the active game type of the firstgame session at the hand held device.
 56. The hand held device of claim44 being further operable to: determine an active game theme of thefirst game session at the hand held device; and interpret the firstgesture based at least in part upon the active game theme of the firstgame session at the hand held device.
 57. The hand held device of claim44 being further operable to: determine at least one rule associatedwith game play activity relating to the first game session; andinterpret the first gesture based at least in part upon the at least onerule.
 58. The hand held device of claim 44 being further operable to:associate the first gesture with a first game play instruction relatingto the first game session; and wherein the gesture interpretationinformation includes the first game play instruction.
 59. The hand helddevice of claim 44 being further operable to: record informationdescribing to the first gesture as part of a game history relating tothe first game session.
 60. The hand held device of claim 44 beingfurther operable to: record at least a portion of the gestureinterpretation information as part of a game history relating to thefirst game session.
 61. The hand held device of claim 44 wherein thefirst gesture includes a first movement of the first player.
 62. Thehand held device of claim 44 wherein the first gesture includes a firstsequence of movements of the first player.